What Factors Affect the Rate of Evaporation of Water?

What Factors Affect the Rate of Evaporation of Water? Hubert Galan and Zafira Smith Introduction: Our testable question for this experiment is what factors affect the rate of evaporation of water. This testable question regards the different factors, such as the temperature surrounding the water being evaporation, the temperature of the water being evaporated, the temperature of the air surrounding the water being evaporated, the humidity of the air surrounding the water being evaporated. In order to test our question we will use a bowl of water and expose the bowl and the water inside of it, which would begin at a temperature of 30 degrees celsius, to many different conditions, such as heat lamps, and fans. In doing so we will exposing our bowl of water and water itself to the variety of different factors that we can assume are capable of affecting the rate of evaporation of our water, and by testing the each of these factors we will be able to determine which ones are actually influential to the rate of evaporation of the water being tested. Evaporation: Evaporation is when water changes form into gas. Evaporation is the main pathway that water moves from the liquid back into the water cycle as water vapor,(The Water Cycle: Evaporation). What this means is that gas or water vapors main way back into the water cycle is through evaporation, which shows the significance of it. More important information on evaporation is that energy is needed for evaporation to occur. The use of energy in evaporation is that energy breaks the bonds that hold water molecules together and which keeps the water in its liquid phase. Which is why water easily evaporates at a high temperature, because there is enough energy or heat needed to break those bonds. Evaporation is arguably the most important part of the water cycle. No evaporation would result in no rain, no rain equals no water for forest which provided the most essential gas for humans, oxygen. Overall without evaporation the effects would be destructive (Water and Global Change). What this shows is how important evaporation is in our world, and that without it we wont survive. For this reason my colleague and I are trying to answer the question what factors affect the rate of evaporation of water. Temperature: Water molecules are always moving, some molecules are hit by other molecules which cause them to gain speed. These molecules hitting each other cause the energy and the temperature to raise. Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules. Slower moving molecules have a lower temperature(colder) while faster moving molecules have a higher temperature (hotter). The increasing temperature causes the water molecule bonds to break, which causes water molecules to turn into gas. The breaking of bonds of molecules is evaporation, it involves a change of state, from liquid to gas. The higher the temperature, the higher the rate of evaporation. When the temperature of water increases the water molecules gain more energy. When the water molecules temperature rises the water molecules start to move faster and thus evaporate faster. Basically the higher the temperature the higher the rate of evaporation (Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation). This is the most notable factor that affects rates of evaporation. The way we will test this is by having two bowls of water. One bowl will be exposed to normal conditions, while the other bowl will be exposed to a heat lamp. After twenty-four hours we will compare the mass of both bowls, and see if they change. After this we will conclude based on the data we received. Wind: Wind is the natural movement of air in any given direction. In order to test the effect of wind on the rate of evaporation of the bowl of water in our experiment we will use a fan and turn it onto the bowl of water being used. When evaporation occurs the water vapor from our bowl will be sitting just above the surface of the water in our bowl that has not yet been evaporated. When wind is added to the environment in which a body of water is in, the molecules of water vapor are rapidly moved from their resting position above the surface of the remaining water to the direction which the wind is facing. This rapid removal of molecules allows for rapid evaporation to occur because there is an increased amount space on the surface area of the remaining water which allow the water molecules to evaporate up. (How Does Wind Affect Evaporation?) This also means that with an increased speed of wind there will be an increased rate of evaporation, as the molecules sitting on the surface of a bod y of water will be removed and replaced and a quicker rate. Humidity: Humidity is that amount of water vapor in the surrounding atmosphere of a body of water, in our case the cup being used in our experiment. In order to test the effect that humidity has on water vapor in our experiment, we will put a lid over the the bowl of water we will be using for testing. Evaporation in an airtight container increases the amount of water vapor that is present in the air above the water in said container. When the amount of water vapor in the air above our water increases, there is more humidity because humidity is the amount of water in the surrounding atmosphere in a body of water. When humidity is high in the air, it is harder for water to evaporate, because the air is filled with water vapor. The air can not absorb an unlimited amount of water molecules, meaning that there will be a slower rate of evaporation. If the space that is located above the water becomes filled with water vapor, then a condensations happens to cause a balance. (Factors Affecting the Ra te of Evaporation). Condensation which is the opposite process of evaporation, is when water vapor converts to liquid, meaning that the evaporation taking place in our experiment would be countered by the condensation already occurring to the vapor within our closed cup of water. Hypothesis: If wind affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate faster because wind increases the evaporation rate of water through removing the water vapor particles that will be resting above the rest of our remaining water( that has not yet been evaporated), making room for new molecules to rest in the same place. If humidity affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate slower because when humidity is high, it becomes more difficult for water vapor molecules to enter their atmosphere, therefore leaving no space for more molecules and slowing the rate of evaporation of water. If temperature affects the rate of evaporation then our water will evaporate faster because when waters temperature is increased the water molecules gain more energy, which causes the molecules to move faster, break bonds faster and thus evaporate faster.*we have three hypothesis because we are trying to accurately test our questions with multiple factors in order to answer our testable question Work Cited The Water Cycle: Evaporation. Evaporation, The Water Cycle, from USGS Water-Science School. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation. Factors Affecting the Rate of Evaporation. N.p., n.d. Web. 16 Nov. 2016. How Does Wind Affect Evaporation? Bright Hub. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Intermediate-Level Science Projects. Intermediate-Level Science Projects: What Factors Most Affect Evaporation? N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016. Water and Global Change. RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 17 Nov. 2016.

Mary Wollstonecraft

WOLLSTONECRAFT, MARY, A VINDICATION OF THE RIGHTS OF WOMEN & A ; MARIA, OR THE WRONGS OF WOMANThis survey will use the thoughts from Mary Wollstonecraft ‘s A Vindication of the Rights of Woman to its fictional comrade Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman, demoing how the thoughts in Vindication are embedded in Maria. Basically, Vindication argues that the inferior place of adult females in British society in the late eighteenth century is due non to any unconditioned defect or failing in adult females, but instead to the fact that work forces have the power to specify and determine relationships, to do the Torahs, to have the belongings, and to make up one's mind the fate of the genders socially, economically, and politically. The writer does non shrive adult females of their duty for this state of affairs. She first acknowledges the natural physical strength which work forces have over adult females, so adds: But non content with this natural pre-eminence, work forces endeavour to drop us still lower, simply to render us tempting objects for a minute ; and adult females, intoxicated by the worship which work forces, under the influence of their senses, pay them, make non seek to obtain a lasting involvement in their Black Marias, or to go the friends of the fellow animals who find amusement in their society ( Wollstonecraft Vindication 7 ) . Vindication is a supplication, so, to both work forces and adult females: to work forces to â€Å" allow adult female portion the rights † ( 201 ) , and to adult females to take portion in a â€Å" REVOLUTION in female manners † ( 199 ) . Wollstonecraft argues that most of what are seen as the failings of the female gender are in fact direct consequences of the societal, economic, political, and educational want of adult females at the custodies of work forces: â€Å" Asserting the rights which adult females in common with work forces ought to postulate for, I have non attempted to palliate their mistakes ; but to turn out them to be the natural effect of their instruction and station in society † ( 200 ) . Womans are raised to believe that their felicity, their really being, are dependent on delighting work forces, on being loved by work forces, on being tempting to work forces. This is the province into which adult females are educated by society, which is a concept of work forces. Womans, in consequence, are created by work forces to be at the same time guiltless and seductive: Womans are every where in this distressing province ; for, in order to continue their artlessness, as ignorance is politely termed, truth is hidden from them, and they are made to presume an unreal character before their modules have acquired any strength. Taught from their illusion that beauty is adult female ‘s scepter, the head shapes itself to the organic structure, and, rolling around its gilding coop, merely seeks to decorate its prison. . . . Women. . . [ have ] their ideas invariably directed to the most undistinguished portion of themselves ( Wollstonecraft Vindication 43 ) . A adult female in such a society does hold power, which Wollstonecraft acknowledges. However, that power — to score, to delight a adult male physically — exists merely at the caprice of the adult male, or, more specifically, as Maria depicts, at the caprice of the adult female ‘s hubby. If the hubby decides to disregard or overrule that power, through assorted maltreatments, including institutionalization, he may make so lawfully at any minute, with no resort available to the adult female. In Vindication, Wollstonecraft title-holders ground, virtuousness, independency, and the rights of adult females to â€Å" the same natural ‘rights ‘ † which work forces enjoy: â€Å" a right to liberty, equality, and the chase of felicity or virtuousness † ( Wollstonecraft Maria V ) . Without instruction, without these rights, without equal societal, economic, political, or legal power, particularly compared to and in relationships with work forces, adult females are reduced to the degree of toies for work forces, to be adored one minute and pitilessly abused the following. In the instance of Maria Venables, the reader finds a adult female whose hubby has her locked away in a Bedlam — lawfully — for demoing marks of independency or â€Å" noncompliance. † Whereas Vindication speaks in wide and general ideological footings, Maria brings the statement down to its most basic unit — the household. In this unit, society discoveries microcosmic look. All that Wollstonecraft shows to be incorrect with society in the thoughts of Vindication, in footings of the maltreatment of adult females, is shown in dramatic signifier in Maria. If the thoughts of Vindication do non make the reader and do him or her to rouse to the wrongs perpetrated against God and humanity ( both male and female ) by the repressive, patriarchal society, so possibly that reader might be driven to ramp at George ‘s chesty abusiveness or to compassion for the abused Maria. Vindication surely addresses the establishment of matrimony in the most critical footings. Womans, she argues, are raised to see matrimony as their primary end and intent in life, the lone means to happiness. Whereas work forces are raised to see which of many professions they might seek to prosecute, adult females are taught to believe merely of matrimony, which means believing merely of what they can make to delight and trap a adult male so that he might care for them and supply them with the pleasances of life: It is non concern, extended programs, or any of the digressive flights of aspiration, that engross [ adult females ‘s ] attending ; no, their ideas are non employed in rise uping such baronial constructions. To lift in the universe, and have the autonomy of running from pleasance to pleasance, they must get married well, and to this object their clip is sacrificed, and their individuals frequently lawfully prostituted ( Wollstonecraft Vindication 60 ) . A married woman, so, to Wollstonecraft is â€Å" frequently † nil more than a legal cocotte. The contract of such a legal relationship is determined by the purchaser, the hubby, who defines that contract every bit good as decides when it will be terminated or adjusted. In the instance of Maria, her matrimony, at the beginning of the book, has been badly adjusted. she has been placed against her will in an insane refuge by her hubby George, who is able to perpetrate her lawfully without her holding any legal resort. This fact reveals that matrimony is even worse than legalized harlotry — it is legalized bondage. Wollstonecraft leaves no uncertainty about her purpose with the novel. â€Å" My chief object, † she writes, is â€Å" the desire of exhibiting the wretchedness and subjugation, peculiar to adult females, that arise out of the partial Torahs and imposts of society † ( Wollstonecraft Maria 5 ) . By â€Å" partial Torahs and imposts, † the writer means that her society is one in which merely the rights of work forces are protected, and the rights of adult females exist merely in so far as work forces allow them to be. As a microcosm of society, the matrimony reflects this legal world. Womans in Wollstonecraft ‘s epoch in England are deprived of their rights whenever work forces so desire. While the general fortunes of maltreatment and want of rights described in Vindication in society at big are evidently unfair and justly pull the anger of the reader, the specific agony of Maria gives those general maltreatments an single human context with which the reader can more deeply place. One might condemn the maltreatments perpetrated by work forces against adult females, by hubbies against married womans, but the specific indignations committed by George against Maria give one a more passionate sense of the unfairness of those maltreatments. Womans in general are the victims of male-dominated society, but the single adult female — in this instance, Maria — who is imprisoned in a awful matrimony is, to Wollstonecraft, the most suffering of victims: For my portion, I can non say any state of affairs more distressing, than for a adult female of esthesia, with an bettering head, to be bound to such a adult male as I have described for life ; obliged to abdicate all the humanizing fondnesss, and to avoid cultivating her gustatory sensation, lest her perceptual experience of grace and polish of sentiment, should sharpen to agony the stabs of letdown. . . . I should contemn, or instead name her an ordinary adult female, who could digest such a hubby as I have sketched ( Wollstonecraft Maria 5-6 ) . Wollstonecraft ‘s basic statement in Vindication is that a adult female, like a adult male, is created by God and is hence meant to develop her endowments and her head and spirit to the fullest, as looks of God ‘s illustriousness in human being. Clearly, so, the subjection of adult females by work forces in society and in matrimony is an act of rebelliousness against the will of God. Women, in the melting pot of adult male ‘s maltreatment, are â€Å" organized † non for full development of their modules and psyche but for â€Å" ignorance. † Wollstonecraft argues that the worst consequence of such maltreatment is the prolongation of stereotypes about adult females ‘s character: I come unit of ammunition to my old statement ; if adult female be allowed to hold an immortal psyche, she must hold, as the employment of life, an apprehension to better. And when, to render the present province more complete, though every thing proves it to be but a fraction of a mighty amount, she is incited by present satisfaction to bury her expansive finish, nature is counteracted, or she was born merely to reproduce and decompose ( Wollstonecraft Vindication 63 ) . Wollstonecraft is non against matrimony per Se, but merely against the baneful signifier it had taken in her clip. Marriage such as the one between Maria and George is an agreement based on the arrant domestication of Maria, the complete riddance of her ability to ground efficaciously as an independent human being. Wollstonecraft writes that â€Å" Reason is perfectly necessary to enable a adult female to execute any responsibility decently † ( Wollstonecraft Vindication 64 ) . Maria is non an â€Å" ordinary † adult female, non a married woman who will obey her opprobrious hubby in the name of matrimonial responsibility. Thrown into a Bedlam by her barbarous hubby and the patriarchal society which supports his inhumane mistreatment of her, Maria maintains her will to contend, but inquiries the ground for that battle: â€Å" And to what aim did she beat up all her energy? — Was non the universe a huge prison, and adult females born slaves? † ( Wollstonecraft Maria 11 ) . Indeed, the universe may be a prison for adult females, but Maria, aided by Jemima, finds the will and strength to make a universe of comparative freedom within that prison. The book remains unfinished, for Wollstonecraft died 11 yearss after giving birth to her 2nd kid, but the writer ‘s notes for possible terminations suggest that adult females can happen the strength within themselves and in conference with one another to get the better of the desperation, to g et away the patriarchal prison, and to populate for one another and for their kids. Maria is driven to suicide, the notes suggest, but is saved by her ain will, by Jemima ‘s intercession, and by the sight of her kid ( Wollstonecraft Maria 136-137 ) . Tellingly, Maria takes five proceedingss in which she struggles in her psyche between the picks of life and decease, between giving to her wretchedness or choosing to assist her girl survive and exceed more easy than she had the confines of the prison of cruel and inhumane patriarchate. Those five proceedingss may be seen as symbolic of the power of ground which Wollstonecraft title-holders in Vindication. Merely when adult females are educated in freedom to develop themselves and their gifts, through ground and apprehension, can they, and work forces, and society, net income to the full from all they have to give. As it is, nevertheless, Wollstonecraft writes, Womans have non any built-in rights to claim ; and, by the same regulation, their responsibilities vanish, for rights and responsibilities are inseparable. By merely so, O ye work forces of apprehension! and mark non more badly what adult females do awry. . . and let her the privileges of ignorance, to whom ye deny the rights of ground, or ye will be worse than Egyptian task-masters, anticipating virtuousness where nature has non given apprehension! ( Wollstonecraft Vindication 201 ) . In that decision to Vindication, Wollstonecraft might look to overrate the goodness of work forces and their willingness or ability to radically change their patriarchal attitudes toward and intervention of adult females. However, her call for a â€Å" REVOLUTION in female manners † ( her capitalisation and accent ) suggests that she knows full good that it will take a fully fledged motion of extremist feminism to alter the construction of the patriarchal society. Surely some work forces helped in the liberating procedure that was to come, and which still continues today, but without radical adult females the state of affairs of Maria would still be platitude today in England ( as it is excessively frequently commonplace in states which maintain their patriarchate ) . The component upon which Maria ‘s narrative stands is her relationship with Jemima. Vindication does non adequately address this demand for female solidarity in the battle for freedom from work forces, but Maria surely makes up for that lack in Wollstonecraft ‘s statement in the earlier work. Jemima and Maria are of wholly different backgrounds, different socioeconomic categories, but they are sisters in footings of their imprisonment in a universe run by work forces for the benefit of work forces. They are both, basically, the belongings of work forces. Together, they form a women's rightist bond which endures and grows in strength through endurance. Their shared power bases in blunt contrast to the passiveness of the other adult females in the book, who yieldingly follow the dictates of the work forces in their lives. Maria is surely no such meek or ordinary adult female. She is a strong human being who is pushed to the bound by her wicked hubby. Wollstonecraft may show a all right polemical statement for the rights of adult female and against the maltreatments of work forces in Vindication, but her in writing description of the agony of Maria in the novel is, in this reader ‘s position, far more powerful in rousing one ‘s fury and compassion. The concluding straw for Maria is her hubby ‘s understanding with another adult male to hold sex with Maria in exchange for a loan. Making the exchange even more enraging and painful for Maria is her feeling that the adult male had been something of a friend to her. In any instance, Maria confronts her hubby and tells him she is traveling to go forth him: â€Å" I have borne with your dictatorship and unfaithfulnesss. I disdain to express what I have borne with. I thought you unprincipled, but non so unquestionably barbarous. † She tells him that she has felt the enticement of other work forces but has determined to stay faithful to him and to the vows of matrimony which she held sacred. Now, nevertheless, she declares, â€Å" you dare. . . to diss me, by selling me to harlotry! — Yes — every bit lost to daintiness and rule — you dared sacrilegiously to barter the honor of the female parent of your kid † ( Wollstonecraft Maria 95 ) . In a society based on justness and decency, the legal system would back up Maria in her attempts to fly such a ugly adult male and so pervert a matrimony. In fact, that society, described in item in Vindication and portrayed fictionally in Maria, supports non Maria but George, non the victim but the victimiser. Not merely does the system non back up Maria, it allows George to hold her locked away in a Bedlam. She refuses to obey her evil hubby, refuses to passively digest whatever barbarous tortures George dreams up, and society allows him to declare her lawfully insane. Harmonizing to the patriarchal definition of saneness for adult females, she is, so, insane. Sanity for a adult female in the society of Wollstonecraft and Maria is obeisance, passiveness, following every dictate of her hubby and the patriarchal society from which he draws his opprobrious power. A sensible adult female who thinks for herself, who defies her wicked hubby, who refuses to be turned into a cocotte, is, h armonizing to such a society, by definition insane. Although Wollstonecraft in Vindication does hold her minutes of fury at those work forces who perpetuate prevarications about the character of adult females, for the most portion she presents a sensible if impassioned supplication for equity from work forces in their intervention of adult females. She basically asks work forces in power to see allowing adult females the rights she says they should be guaranteed by God. In Maria, nevertheless, written after Vindication, Wollstonecraft seems to propose that work forces can non be relied upon to change their positions or to allow adult females the rights they are granted by virtuousness of God ‘s creative activity. As representative of work forces of his society and clip, and particularly of hubbies, George is shown to be a thoroughly evil adult male, a adult male incapable of any meaningful alteration in his attitude toward adult females and particularly toward his married woman, whom he sees, and whom society sees, as his legal belongings. There seems to be in Maria small hope that work forces will alter on their ain, if at all, and if any alteration does come it will make so as the consequence of the attempts of adult females banding together in love and concern for one another and for their kids. One might reason that Darnford is meant to stand for some new assortment of adult male, an single capable of seeing adult females as human existences and non simply objects of pleasance. Such an statement would be sensible, but Darnford ‘s attitude is in portion the consequence of his ain imprisonment, his ain agony. Work force such as George, on the other manus, are incapable of larning compassion from their ain agony, but alternatively merely expression for retaliation. In any instance, Darnford is non the key to Maria ‘s freedom. That key is provided by herself, her will and ground, by her friend and fellow captive Jemima, and by her love for her kid. The hereafter, Wollstonecraft seems to reason, lies in the custodies of adult females contending together for justness and ground, for the rights of adult female given by God and stolen by work forces.Plants CitedWollstonecraft, Mary. Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman. New York: Norton, 1994. — – . A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. Mineola, NY: Capital of delaware, 1996.

Similarity and Group Performance Free Essay Example, 3250 words

The analysis of the problem begins by examining Bruce Tuckman, who formulated a group theory in 1965. Tuckman states that every group goes through four processes, called forming, storming, norming and performing. When a group goes through the forming process, the group is formed for the first time and the members get oriented with one another. Conflict emerges in the second process, which is known as storming. With norming, the group members get used to one another their styles of communication, their quirks and foibles and their level of work ethic. It is at this time that the group begins to become more cohesive and function better. Performing is the next process, and this is where the newly-coherent group works on task and completes the work to which it was assigned (Tuckman Jensen, 1977). According to Oemig et al, the performing element is assisted by group awareness. This is where every member of the group gets to know every other member of the group, including informati on about the other members goals, and this is how the group achieves efficiency peaks (Oemig et al. ). Civettini (2007) emphasizes group member similarity the more people within the group are similar, the less likely there will be conflict and more likely there will be a consensus within the group about how to accomplish certain tasks (Civettini, 2007, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Similarity and Group Performance or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page With norming, the group members get used to one another their styles of communication, their quirks and foibles and their level of work ethic. It is at this time that the group begins to become more cohesive and function better. Performing is the next process, and this is where the newly-coherent group works on task and completes the work to which it was assigned (Tuckman Jensen, 1977). According to Oemig et al, the performing element is assisted by group awareness. This is where every member of the group gets to know every other member of the group, including information about the other members goals, and this is how the group achieves efficiency peaks (Oemig et al. ). Civettini (2007) emphasizes group member similarity the more people within the group are similar, the less likely there will be conflict and more likely there will be a consensus within the group about how to accomplish certain tasks (Civettini, 2007, p. 264). These theories implicate the performing aspect of Tuckman s theory. The storming aspect of Tuckman s theory has also the subject of academic study and debate why do groups have conflict? Rothwell (2008) states that groups have predictable emotions upon which group cohesiveness and functioning are based (Rothwell et al. , 2008). Wright (2010) states that groups go through emotional phases which impact the way the group members interact over a period of time. When the group is new, individuals may have anxieties and fears regarding the group. They may fear group rejection, and this highlights the importance of leadership. It is up to the leader to help new group members assimilate.

The Theory Of A Fallacy Essay - 1313 Words

Introduction There exist common errors, which usually undermine the logic of one’s position in an argument, known as fallacies. A fallacy can either be an irrelevant point or an illegitimate argument or interpretation, normally identified due to failure to present adequate evidence that support the position or claims made, as well as lack logical validity. Each argument that is presented has it premises, or the set of reasons or evidence that supports the claim, organized in the correct manner to support the conclusion made. For one to make an argument or a claim stronger, there are four main factors to consider. One ought to: i. Use good premises, which offer reasons or evidence for the position taken that, are both relevant to the argument, and true. ii. Ensure that the evidence presented supports the conclusion made, and not any other or leads to no inference at all. iii. Ensure that the argument addresses the most relevant or significant aspects of the issue. The reasons or evidence and the conclusions made should focus on what is the most relevant to the issue at hand. iv. Avoid making claims that are very strong to an extent that one cannot really present evidence to support them. The most common fallacies include the following: Weak analogy: Correlation between two or more situations, ideas, or objects may be used as premises to support a claim (Cavender and Kahane 97). Nevertheless, if the two are not similar in the relevant aspects of the argument, theShow MoreRelatedThe Hot Hand Theory Of Basketball Is A Fallacy Essay929 Words   |  4 Pages Evidence presented throughout the last forty years has suggested that the Hot Hand theory in basketball is a â€Å"fallacy.† Evidence suggested that there is no scientific reasoning for being able to improve one’s odds of making a jump shot, if the previous three shots were made. 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The Cardiovascular System Is Made Up Of 3 Things - 2799 Words

Assignment 1.2 The cardiovascular system is made up of 3 things; Heart, Blood Vessels and your Blood. Heart= The heart is around the size of a persons fist, it is composed of 2 sides and four chambers, the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The atria’s are at the top of the heart, they receive blood from various parts of the body. The two ventricles are located on the bottom of the heart and pump blood away from the heart. The right ventricles responsibility is to pump the deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood to the rest of the body. Between the chambers there are valves in the heart, the valves control the flow of blood, making sure it flows in one direction. Blood Vessels= Blood vessels are a series of tubing that carries blood to and from the heart. The oxygenated blood leave the heart and supplies oxygen and nutrients to your body via the arteries. After going through the capillaries, veins return deoxygenated and waste products to the heart, (through the vena cova). After leaving the right ventricle through the pulomonary arteries, the blood gets oxygenated in the lungs, gets rid of carbon dioxide from the body and then returns to the left atrium from the pulmonary vein, then the left ventricle to repeat the process again. The Blood= Blood is a fluid that contains red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and a watery substance called plasma that contains proteins, sugars. fats and minerals. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Cardiovascular System Is Made Up Of 3 Things2797 Words   |  12 PagesThe cardiovascular system is made up of 3 things; Heart, Blood Vessels and your Blood. Heart= The heart is around the size of a persons fist, it is composed of 2 sides and four chambers, the left and right atria and the left and right ventricles. The atria’s are at the top of the heart, they receive blood from various parts of the body. 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Modeling the green house Free Essays

Modeling the Greenhouse Effect Aim: The aim behind this experiment is to investigate the consequences of greenhouse gases by recording and comparing the change in temperature every 3 minutes of a flask filled with C02 in comparison toa flask filled with air. Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to impersonate the greenhouse affect in our own lab by comparing and measuring the temperatures of greenhouse gases C02 compared to air. The experiment will recognize the difference in temperature between the two flasks, and conclude if green house gases C02 are actually the main auses for global warming. We will write a custom essay sample on Modeling the green house or any similar topic only for you Order Now Hypothesis: I believe that the flask filled with C02 will become hotter then the flask filled with air. The reason is because C02 is a greenhouse gas and therefore traps heat. This experiment was done to show the effect of greenhouse gases and prove that they contribute to the rise in temperature of the Earth. By comparing the room temperature air filled and C02 filled flasks, I will be able to determine whether greenhouse gasses do or not effect global warming. How to cite Modeling the green house, Papers

Strategic Management US Car-Makers

Question: Describe about the Strategic Management for US Car-Makers. Answer: After a detailed discussion of pestle analysis, trends affecting the US carmakers can be highlighted quickly as per the U.S. Autos: Adding new routes case study article. To begin with, an economic trend is evident from the busy scene at River Rouge, where the North America auto industry is performing extraordinarily well, both at sales made from old-fashion and petroleum-fueled cars (Wright, 2016). In the last years marketing, carmakers sold 17.33 vehicles, sports utility, and trucks close to all time recordings. Specifically, Ford, the second largest car-making company in the United States, sells more than 60,000 F-150s consistently (Wright, 2016). Economically, this sale makes the best sales in North America. To brush over economic trend further, Ford specifically is facing some long-term economic challenge in which it declined steadily over the past 15 years concerning the number of cars sold per individual in the United States (Wright, 2016). For example, Ford and General Motors experiment with the public transportation services party, as reflected in the present vehicle sales figures. In details, besides the current high recovery, 17.33 million cars were sold in 2015. Technological factors are also trending among the car-makers. For instance, Fords engineers have shifted from driving company cars around the institution to calling up a GoRide Shuttle using an appropriate smartphone application. This initiative among others is part of the ways in which the carmakers in the United States are surging interests within the motor industry from technology organizations such as the Google, ride-hailing start-ups i.e. Uber all the way to electric carmakers for example Telsa. All in all, these technologies are aiming at transforming how cars are owned or driven. In the same line of technology trend, Ford Company together with its longtime close competitor, General Motors, are struggling to develop self driven Motors (General Motors Company, 2016). Such cars are technologically advanced in that, not only can they drive themselves but are also connected to electricity and the internet. Technology trend is also manifested through the General Motors battery lab located at the companys Center in Warren. An example of an electric-vehicle that the firm sold this year is Chevrolet Bolt. While the cars battery is two-timed heavier than the one powered the hybrid Volt this year, it can provide around 60 kWh, an indication that it is four times stronger than the older battery. On the other Ford Company together with General Motors are taking a different move along the technology trend (Wright, 2016). These technology trends have advantages and social trends alike. For example, an example of a shortcoming of the technology cars was pointed out when a driver of one of the Teslas vehicles operating on an autopilot died following the failure of the technology to recognize risk from a truck which was crossing the path. Political trend is also observed between the car-makers. For example, a federal law was introduced in 2012that obliged the companies making cars boost the average of their fleets from 27.5 miles in each US gallon at the beginning of the period to 54.5 mpg (Wright, 2016). In respect to this rule, Ford has to provide a wider range of cars with significant help from electric power to catch up with the fuel economy target. Extrapolation of Trends in the US Extrapolating the trends happening in the US to overseas markets like the United Kingdom and others has no dangers. Instead, gaining knowledge such patterns is advantageous because it enables a firm to adjust accordingly in the line of business. For example, when a company realizes the technology trends proffered by most customers within the US market it would become much concerned and develop its cars along similar technology to attract huge market like the rest and at the same time retain the already acquired consumers. Excelling is the aim of each organization seen around. Therefore, extrapolating the trends in another market such as the United Kingdom can be of great help to the car-making companies for the formulation of marketing strategies. For example, the dangers that can arise along the technology cars such as failure of the vehicles to detect threats laying ahead, and use such information to improve their products. This adjustment will not only benefit the firm to produce all-around vehicles but also save lives (Indian retail industry strategies could potentially disrupt competitor business: PwC, 2015). Also, further extrapolation can enable the U.S carmakers to know the strengths and weaknesses of other firms in the UK markets and formulate strategies for overcoming them (Bee-lan, Draw, and Runeso, 2010). Provision of All-round Transport Services Ford and General Motors are describing themselves as providers of all-around transport services because of the unusual nature of vehicles produced by these two car-makers. The companies make all types of car, starting from manual, old, new, electrified and self-driven motors. Some of the vehicles produced by these businesses are also advanced in the line of technology. As indicated in technological trends above, both Ford and General Motors are the top-selling carmakers in the United States, which offers cars that are capable of driving themselves (Baker, 2015). Besides the self-driven motors, the cars are connected to the internet through various smart-phone apps. These types of cars are convenient in the transportation line, especially regarding the line. For instance, the vehicles are capable of getting notification alerts from clients located in various parts of the nation through smartphone apps. The two companies are struggling to transform the transportation services. For example, Ford Motor Company has invested approximately $ 1.4 billion in building 10-speed automatic transition. Coincidentally, General Motors have dedicated # 343 million towards the same transmission. Tentatively, this may appear as a surprise to many, but the two companies are working together to provide all-round transport services. Back in 2013, General Motors and Ford announced jointly that they are teaming up to come up with new automated Motors (General Motors Financial Company, Inc, 2016). According to the two companies, such transmissions are characterized with a 9-speed, in the front wheels, and 10-speed for the rear wheels. To sum up, General Motors and Ford companies provides all type of cars to the public hence, qualifying as providers of all-round service vehicles. Pestle strategy can be applies by the two companies in tracking their operating environment. According to PESTLE Analysis of Saudi Arabia 2012 (2013), pestle strategy is one of the mechanisms to control the changes. This tool is much simpler than any other tool used to analyze the economic, political, technological and sociocultural variations in the businesses working environments (Kuwait Country Profile, 2015). The analysis can thus, be summarized in the diagram bellow; Economic Factors The whole continent has been experiencing recession especially in 2008. This experience resulted into curtailing of all businesses components including customers and suppliers of raw materials, which made market conditions even tougher for the automobile industries. Besides being merchandisers, GM and Ford companies are also main consumers of metals, rubber, plastics, computer chips and vinyl. Apparently, the recession conditions experienced by the enterprises reduces consistence purchase habit by potential consumers. Basically, this condition means that consumers only buy useful and economical commodities. Notably, these deflections and inflations in the market as experienced by GM and Ford marks a direct blow to the costs of services and products. Unfortunately, these circumstances can make customers to divert from the two companies to other affordable and economical companies. Political Factors In respect to GM and Ford, political environment entail all governmental aspects that affect their purchase and sales directly or indirectly. Rules of the state have been against the companies ignorance towards the safety regulations since 1961 as well as towards the environment. Specifically, GM has been ignorant in response to safety equipment such as ABS and environmental friendly products such as catalytic converters. However, trend in global norms heavily took a toll on the organization. Historically, the antagonistic picture of the U.S. A G.W. Bush led to the boycott of American produced vehicles. This condition intensified with conflict between Iraq and U.S.A., worsening the sales figures of the two companies across the world. To some extent, the rules of the new government promote local sales in the state by reducing imports and promoting local companies, playing a major role in persistence of Ford and GM Group through crucial market conditions. Technology Factors Technology develops with time and it is a dominating element in firms performance. As a matter of fact, businesses should be flexible enough to meet all types of need of customers, which often change with advancement of technology. These automobile enterprises nod only utilizes the evolving technology but also applies it to reach more customers in the most effective way. For GM specifically, the aspect of technology is analyzed through raw materials. Newly advanced products formulated from fiber glass and plastic are not only economical but also reliable. Therefore, technology creates additional opportunity for the companies. For example, the enrolment of the internet to the companys systems enables consumers to place their orders online and also get solutions to their queries hence, technology makes the companies deals effortless. Special Factors The social aspect of the environment have been a boom to Ford and GM as they have existed for many decades. Being leaders of provision of all-round vehicles it is a social factor, giving the companies status and identity. Therefore the companies are treated with endurance and respect. However, the companies still suffer seatbacks because of different values and attitude of consumer. Fortunately, Ford and GM have adaptive abilities to stay in the market. Due to this aspect, the companies had replaced the consuming engines with fuel efficient high technology ones like the hybrid. Advantages and Strength of Pestle Method According to the analysis of the North American Advanced Features Market and Optional/Standard Strategy of OEMs 2014-2020 (2012), pestle analysis can help companies to reduce threats by examining the social, political, technological, economic and environmental factors that exist within the U.S market. Pestle also generates useful ideas on how to develop the product, and better ways of launching it. This ideas may be utilized by the two companies and become very competitive. The generated ideas are also important in suggesting effective marketing strategies and other factors that add value to the success of the firm (PR, 2016). Kazakhstan PESTLE Country Profile (2015) states that the analysis is also straight forward in terms of the quantity of time taken, the rate of doing the analysis, and the amount of the required research. However, the cost of performing each analytic level is not prone o fluctuation. Less the companies uses pestle analysis, the environmental factors that affect their business may influence the market for a longer time without being noticed. For instance, a Ford may overlook customer laws and safety while enhancing the prototype of products. On the other way, the General motors may not be in a better position of realizing the type of technological gaps faced by consumers located in rural areas, compared to customers in urban locations. In general, the analysis enables a firm to take the analysis of many distinct and factors that are influential to the business concerning success of the launched products. Therefore, it provides easiest ways of understanding the business better. Disadvantages and Weakness of Pestle Analysis Despite the above advantages, pestle analysis also has some disadvantages and weaknesses. To begin with, external factors highlighted by the tool are prone to change over time therefore, needs consistence viewing and attention. Because the external factors are based on the assumption larger economic situations, such situations may be significant barriers to the transparency of pestle analysis making the tool vulnerable to discrepancies. Businesses might require an outsourced expert or to employ research and the development of workforce-bound to the analysis. Apparently, this nature increases costs and expenses. It can also increase capital resources and weak or wrong analysis. Furthermore, while applying the pestle analysis, firms must invest highly in RD to realize the expected outcome as per the analysis. Strategy Mapping Strategic mapping can also be used by the companies to describe and communicate their operation strategies. This map provides the base for the development of financial and non-financial balanced scorecards to monitor the performances of strategies. Therefore, it can be used as a potential tool of depicting strategies applied by either Ford of General Motors or any other company. Below is an example of a strategic map that can be used by the companies to monitor the performance of their strategies to ensuring that they maintain the lead of provision of all-round motors. Financial Consumer Internal Growth and learning Ttraining Competition Strategies The U.S car-making industry has experienced tremendous changes which should be considered by all enterprises participating in the market. Presently, being part of the automobile industry is an exciting time; the expectations of customers regarding the quality of vehicles, safety, reliability and utility have risen. As evident from the case study, leading car-makers in the U.S competing in line with technology. Therefore, a competitor in the U.S. carmaker has to adopt all aspects that have brought by technology changes to overweight fellow competitors (Koski and Majumdar, 2002). First, the company should improve its products technologically to ensure the safety of customers. As evident in the current market, connectivity and the internet are working hand in hand to transform the world of motors, a suggestion of new changes in the same line in future. To this respect, the company can make more innovative cars that can share information between one another, by giving notification alerts to a head or behind vehicles of possible halts, advising the drivers to adjust their speeds appropriately. When this mechanism is adopted by a competitive U.S carmaker, all consumers that are concerned with safety will be diverted to the company. Fortunately, virtually all customers are very sensitive especially when it comes to the security of a product. Therefore, coming up with cars that are capable of sharing information will enable the compactor to match the rest (Hyundai Plans U.S. Luxury Car, 2009). Another general strategy that would be equally beneficial to the competitor in the U.S. carmaker is developing a comprehensive car tracking. Currently, insurance organizations in conjunction with related state governments are regulating fees regarding some cars within which a car can be tracked. By coming up with cars containing comprehensive tracking systems that are capable of providing full tracking irrespective of the distance covered, the company will appeal effectively to the market. To put many impacts on the products, the competitor can also equip its cars with active window displays that enable the drivers to alerts other operators on the full nature of turn located at a given miles ahead. To advance further in the line of innovation, the competitor can develop personalized in-vehicle marketing that makes it capable enough to provide marketers with the most robust merit sets that enable users to customize their messages. It is no doubt that personalized and location-based ad s displayed in the cars can even attract more customers as it is beneficial to all range of clients and businesses alike. Another general strategy that a competitor in the U.S. carmaker can adopt if it creates an innovative new product for the transportation market is making a biometric car access, making it easier for most customers to lock and unlock their personal cars by use of fingerprints. While the process is much easier, it can also help in ensuring the safety of the vehicles by reducing the chances theft. Fingerprints are unique body features that differ from one person to another. Unless the owner unlocks the car, nobody else can do the same. Therefore, it minimizes chances of theft. To sum up, the highlighted general strategies are unique generic traits. If adopted by a competitor that creates an innovative new product for the transportation market, they can boost the competitiveness of the business. Institutional Challenges Confronting Traditional Carmakers Like any other company that deals with car making such as Toyota, Ford and General Motors are faced by many challenges, some of which are institutional. Evidently, it is reported that the two companies have been institutionally challenged by mass production of the latest state-of-the-art truck. Societies are not able to manufacture motors in large numbers to meet the market demand (General Motors Company SWOT Analysis, 2015). Specifically, Ford Company faced some problems in its manufacturing process of all the all-aluminum F-150. The companys engineers were not curtained on the ability of the tracks to appeal conveniently to the conservative buyers. It was a high gable which affected the companys annual earnings immensely. Still, on the manufacturing of F-150, the company was forced to alter the outlay of the factory and plant. The two companies are also faced with quality issues. Despite the production of vehicles with modern improvements, the cars are being knocked in quality survey. Apparently, the doubt in the quality of the products offered by the companies is being initiated by individual deals. For instance, Ford has faced problems with the launch of new products. To a better extent, this institutional challenge can be linked to the companys suppliers (Ford Motor Company SWOT Analysis, 2016). Despite providing a solution regarding the faulty parts, the issues still hurt the companies. Alongside this challenge, there is difficulty inexperienced by customers regarding some of the products offered by the enterprise i.e. MyFord Touch System. While coming up with MyFord Touch System, the company aimed at taking SYNC to the next level. Originally, it composed of a touchscreen control for many functions (Reich et al., 2016). In contrary, this aim is not transformed in the user interface. Besides, the system is invaded by glitches. Fortunately, the company is capable of updating the software to fix all the risen issues. However, this cannot make the system fully capable. Therefore, existing as a long-time quality problem. As a result, most customer that purchase their cars from the company visit dealers to seek for help. Another institutional challenge facing the companies is safety; recently, it is reported by consumers from the companies that the touch system destructs the customers on the roads. These problems reduce the reliability of the products offered by the enterprises. Strategic Group Analysis vs. Blue Ocean Strategy There are two original analysis that can be used by Ford and General Motors to determine who its competition is within the transportation industry. However, the appropriateness of the analysis depends on the nature and effectiveness of the study. For instance, strategic group analysis enables a business to check on the positions occupied by players in a particular working environment (Rouwette, Bastings, and Blokker, 2011). It is also essential in determining an enterprises underlining factors that shape the organizations profitability as well as its competitiveness (Murthi, Rasheed, and Goll, 2013). In detail, the analysis attempts to group the competitive strategies as per the entire significant players. Therefore, it enables the company to differentiate competitors according to distinct the structure, profitability, and the possible projected issues that are being addressed. According to Johnson e al. (2011), strategic group analysis covers a broad range of area including specialization, identification of the brand, pull vs. push, selections of channels and much more. In summary, this strategy enables a firm to assess strategic shift and dynamics within the enterprise. The analysis is critical; not only does it helps a firm to define the nearest competitors, but also capable of formulating mechanisms of evaluating the deferent strategies that exist in the company (Garca-Ochoa Mayor and Bajo Dav, 2016). Furthermore, the company also helps in assessing both the current and potential movement of competitors. Despite these advantages, the analysis may be invalid as it may incur trial and error. Besides, the study does not state goals and strategies of the firms clearly hence, accompanied by wrong dimensions that cannot differentiate groups usefully into relevant categories. Gochhait and Tripathy (2014) states that companies lead only because of working systematically by creating blue oceans (Moon-Soo, 2016). By representing the simultaneous pursuit of high products, low costs, and differentiations, the analysis makes competition irrelevant. While creating blue ocean strategy, a new and attractive business is established (Kamal and Dionne-Odom, 2016). This approach implies that there is no rivalry and the bargaining power is significantly reduced. Furthermore, it results in high profitability. Unlike the strategic group analysis that can provide wrong analysis, the blue ocean strategy is valid (Barbero and Vieira, 2015). Besides, it gives analysis based on 30 industries over more than 100 years, providing a broad range of area which minimizes the chances of errors. Therefore, blue ocean strategy gives a full analysis, making it suitable for Ford or General Motors to determine who its competition is within the transportation industry. References Analysis of the North American Advanced Features Market and Optional/Standard Strategy of OEMs 2014-2020. 2014. M2presswire. Bee-lan, O, Drew, D, and Runeson, G. 2010. Competitor analysis in construction bidding. Construction Management Economics, 28, 12, pp. 1321-1329. Baker, CR. 2015. Organizational change at Ford Motor Company in the face of international financial crisis. Recherches En Sciences De Gestion, 110, pp. 23-35. Barbero, E, and Vieira, B. 2015. Estratgia do oceano azul: Relato de implantao em um setor em crise. Revista Ibero-Americana De Estratgia (RIAE), 14, 4, pp. 135-148. Ford Motor Company SWOT Analysis. 2016. Ford Motor Company SWOT Analysis, pp. 1-10. General Motors Financial Company, Inc. 2016. General Motors Financial Company, Inc. Marketline Company Profile, pp. 1-12. Gochhait, S, and Tripathy, P. 2014. Blue Ocean Marketing Strategy: A Study of refractory industries in Odisha. IUP Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 11, 3, pp. 49-61. General Motors Company. 2016. General Motors Company Marketline Company Profile, pp. 1-44. General Motors Company SWOT Analysis. 2015. General Motors Corporation SWOT Analysis, pp. 1-10. Garca-Ochoa Mayor, M, and Bajo Dav, N. 2016. Competitive advantages of the mobile phone operators in the Asia Pacific region: analysis from the strategic groups approach. Technology Analysis Strategic Management, 28, 5, pp. 541-554. Hyundai Plans U.S. Luxury Car. 2009. Wall Street Journal - Eastern Edition, 13 August, Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 18 October 2016. Indian retail industry strategies could potentially disrupt competitor business: PwC. 2015. FRPT- Retail Snapshot, pp. 5-6, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 18 October 2016. Johnson, A, Johnson, H, Devadoss, S. and Foltz, J. 2011. Strategic Group Analysis of U.S. Food Businesses Using the Two-step Clustering Method. International Food Agribusiness Management Review, 14, 2, pp. 83-102. Kuwait Country Profile. 2015. Provides a PESTLE Analysis of a Country's Business Climate' 2015, M2presswire, Newspaper Source. Kazakhstan PESTLE Country Profile. 2015. M2presswire, Newspaper Source, EBSCOhost, viewed 18 October 2016. Koski, H, and Majumdar, S. 2002. Paragons of virtue? Competitor entry and the strategies of incumbents in the U.S. local telecommunications industry. Information Economics Policy, 14, 4, p. 453. Kamal, A, and Dionne-Odom, J. 2016. A Blue Ocean Strategy for Palliative Care: Focus on Family Caregivers. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 51, 3, pp. e1-e3, Murthi, B, Rasheed, A, and Goll, I. 2013. An Empirical Analysis of Strategic Groups in the Airline Industry using Latent Class Regressions. Managerial Decision Economics, 34, 2, pp. 59-73. Moon-Soo, K. 2016. A Techno-Economic Analysis with Blue Ocean Strategy for New Technology: Case of an RFID System. Journal of Emerging Issues in Economics, Finance Banking, 5, 2, pp. 1912-1921. PESTLE Analysis of Saudi Arabia 2012. 2013. M2presswire, Newspaper Source, EBSCOhost, viewed 18 October 2016. PR, N 2016. Maternity and child care (MCC) hospitals market in India 2015 2020. PR Newswire US, 30 May, Regional Business News. Rouwette, E, Bastings, I, and Blokker, H. 2011. A Comparison of Group Model Building and Strategic Options Development and Analysis. Group Decision Negotiation, 20, 6, pp. 781-803. Reich, D, Shi, Y, Epelman, M, Cohn, A., Barnes, E, Arthurs, K, and Klampfl, E. 2016. Scheduling Crash Tests at Ford Motor Company', Interfaces, 46, 5, pp. 409-423. Wright, R. (July 11, 2016). US autos: Adding new routes. Financial Times (online) (cited 11 July, 2016)