How Does Equity Fulfil the Common Law

How Does Equity Fulfill the Common Law Common Law Equity fulfils the common law, although it does not endeavour to displace it with a moral code. In order to be influential, the law is to be professed as both certain and predictable, and also flexible and fair. Specifically, it needs clear rules on the one hand, but flexibility on the other to produce exceptions to cases that lead to apparently incongruous or unjust conclusions if the rules are applied rigidly. Equity is an essence of principles, doctrines, and rules advanced initially by the Court of Chancery in positive competition with the rules, doctrines and principles of the Common Law Courts. The obliteration of the old Court of Chancery and the Common Law Courts, has led to the proposition that the distinction between law and equity is now outdated; that the two approaches are now ‘fused. On the contrary, the better analysis, is that the common law and equity remain distinct but mutually dependent features of law: ‘they are working in different ways towards the same ends, and it is therefore as wrong to assert the independence of one from the other as it is to assert that there is no difference between them. ’ For a long time, the two structures of common law and equity ran uncomfortably side by side. Until 1615 it was by no means established which one was to prevail in the event of a dispute. Yet, even after that year the inconsistency between the two systems continued for a very long time. After the restructuring of the English court system in 1865, it was decided that in the event of a conflict between the common law and equitable principles, equity must prevail. The Judicature Acts 1873-1975 created one system of courts by amalgamating the common law courts and the courts of equity to form the Supreme Court of Judicature which would administer common law and equity. Accordingly the court ‘is now not a Court of Law or a Court of Equity, it is a Court of Complete Jurisdiction. ’ The area of law recognized as Equity developed in England and Wales in the Middle Ages in situations where the ordinary common law had failed to afford suitable redress. Many legal actions, for example, originated by the issue of a writ but the slightest inaccuracy on the writ would invalidate the entire action. Another inadequacy in the ordinary common law involved the fact that the only remedy was damages; that is, compensation, therefore, the court orders did not exist to require people to do something or to desist from some conduct, for example, sell as piece of land according to an agreement made or stop using a particular title. Dissatisfied litigants frequently preferred to petition the King for him to mediate in a specific case, the courts were, in any case, the King’s courts. These petitions’ for justice were dealt with by the King’s Chancellor who determined each case according to his own discretion. Over the years, the decisions made by Lord Chancellor became known as the rules of equity, derived from the Latin meaning levelling. These new-found rules came to be applied in a special court, the Chancellor’s Court, which became identified as the Court of Chancery. Equity began to appear as an apparent set of principles, rather than a personal jurisdiction of the Chancellor, during the Chancellorship of Lord Nottingham in 1673. By the end of Lord Eldon’s Chancellorship in 1827 equity was recognized as a precise jurisdiction. Nevertheless the development of a parallel but distinct system of dispute resolution was certainly bound to generate a conflict. An individual wronged by a failure of the common law to remedy a gross injustice would apply to the court of equity. The Chancellor, if the case accepted it, would approve of a remedy preventing the common law court from imposing its order. The catharsis transpired in the Earl of Oxford’s Case, where the court of common law ordered the payment of a debt. The debt had previously been paid, but the deed giving affect to the requirement had not been cancelled. The court of equity was prepared to grant an order preventing this and resolving the deed. The collision was in due course resolved in favour of equity; where there is an inconsistency, equity prevails. This rule is now preserved in the Supreme Court Act 1981, s 49. The history of equity is regarded by its constant ebb and flow between compatibility and competition with the common law. More recent developments in equity include, for example, the recognition of restrictive covenants, the expansion of remedies, the development of doctrines such as proprietary estoppel, the enhanced status of contractual licences, and the new model constructive trust. There is an effort, then again, to validate these new developments, which are all illustrations of judicial inspiration, by precedent. As Bagnall J said in Cowcher vCowcher: ‘this does not mean that equity is past childbearing; simply that its progeny must be legitimate- by precedent out of principle. It is well that this should be so; otherwise no lawyer could safely advise on his client’s title and every quarrel would lead to a law-suit. ’ In all probability the single most significant feature of equity is the trust. If title to any property is vested in a person as trustee for another, equity not only restrains the trustee from denying his trust and setting himself up as absolute owner, but impresses on the trustee positive duties of good faith towards the other person. Although one of the original development of equity, the protection granted to equitable owners behind a trust has developed considerably over the last 50 years. Remedies represent some interesting illustrations of the difference between law and equity; a difference which arose as; ‘an accident of history,’ according to Lord Nicholls in A-G v Blake. Ordinarily legal rights and remedies remain separate from equitable ones. Some similarities do, nevertheless, occur. For illustration, an injunction, an equitable remedy, can be sought for an anticipatory breach of contract, or to stop a nuisance, both common law claims. In A-G v Blake, the House of Lords authorized the equitable remedy of account of profits for an assertion for violation of contract where the common law remedy of damages would have been insufficient. The equitable remedy of account of profits is usually accessible where there is a fiduciary relationship but the House of Lords endorsed its request otherwise in exceptional cases where it was the operative way to remedy a wrong. By distinction, in Seager v Copydex, proceedings were brought for breach of confidence in regard for confidential information exposed by the defendants about a carpet grip. Such a claim is equitable and normally the equitable remedies of injunction and account are obtainable. On the other hand, an injunction would have been unsuccessful and he judges awarded damages. It would appear, consequently that a common law remedy is available for an equitable claim for breach of confidence. The new model constructive trust resulted in the main due to the resourceful activity of Lord Denning MR. In Hussey v Palmer, Lord Denning explained the constructive trust as one ‘imposed by the law wherever justice and good conscience require it. Cases such as Eves v Eves, where the woman was awarded an equitable interest in the property signifying her involvement in terms of heavy work, and Cooke v Head, a comparable case, regard this progress further. On the other hand, it might be that this progression has come to a standstill since the retirement of Lord Denning. A number of modern cases, including Lloyds Bank v Rosset, have re-established former ideology in this s phere relating to the survival of a common intention that an equitable interest should occur, and the existence of a direct financial contribution. These ethics are more analogous to those relating to the formation of a resulting trust. The new model constructive trust has been for the most part thriving in the field of licences. At common law, a contractual licence was controlled by the doctrine of privity of contract, and failed to present protection against a third party. Equitable remedies have been made accessible to avoid a licensor violating a contractual licence and to permit a licence to bind third parties. It has been acknowledged that certain licences may produce an equitable proprietary interest by means of a constructive trust or proprietary estoppel. In Binions v Evans, it was decided by Lord Denning that purchasers were compelled by a contractual licence between the former owners and Mrs Evans, an occupant. A constructive trust was imposed in her preference as the purchasers had bought specifically subject to Mrs Evans’ interest and had, for those grounds, paid a reduced price. Also in RE Sharpe, a constructive trust was imposed on a trustee in bankruptcy regarding an interest obtained by an aunt who lent money to her nephew for a house purchase on the arrangement that she could live there for the rest of her life. The volatility of these progressing fields is once more shown in recent case law which seems to hold back from an advancement which may have pushed the boundaries too far. Obiter dicta from the Court of Appeal in Ashburn Anstalt v W JArnold & Co, accepted in Habermann v Koehler, propose that a licence will only give effect to a constructive trust where the conscience of a third party is influenced: it will be imposed where their behaviour so deserves. Judicial resourcefulness in equitable disciplines is therefore made subject to refinements by judges in later cases. Proprietary estoppel is an additional illustration of an equitable doctrine which has seen momentous progression in the interest in justice ever since its formation in the leading case of Dillwyn v Llewelyn. The dogma is established on encouragement and acquiescence whereby equity was equipped to arbitrate and adjust the rights of the parties. Its relevance has been further improved by the Court of Appeal in Gillet vHolt, where a wider line of attack to the doctrine was taken that depended, eventually, on the unconscionability of the act. Once more, it is an advancement which is outside of the organization of property rights and their registration recognized by Parliament. Cases such as Jennings v Rice show that the principle of proprietary estoppel and the protection of licences by estoppel continue to be a successful means used by the judges for the protection of licences and equitable rights. The extent to which the right welcomes protection is adaptable owing to the conditions of the particular case. For example, in Matharu v Matharu, the licence did not bestow a beneficial interest but presented to the respondent a right to live in the house for the rest of her life. A different prevailing progression in equity has resulted from the decision of the House of Lords in Barclays Bank plc v O’Brien. The case has proclaimed the re-emergence in a broad sense of the equitable doctrine of notice. They present that, where there is undue influence over a co-mortgagor or surety, this may provide augmentation to a right to prevent the transaction. This right to avoid the transaction amounts to an equity of which the mortgagee may be considered to have constructive notice. This revivification of the equitable doctrine of notice in a contemporary situation reveals evidently the flexibility of equity. A number of cases pursued this pronouncement. In Royal Bank of Scotland v Etridge, the House of Lords laid down common procedures for the application of the doctrine of notice in this situation. In summary equity fulfils the common law, although it does not endeavour to displace it with a moral code. There have been setbacks and refinements, over the last 50 years, in the progress of new doctrines relating to the trust.

American Government Exit

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Being Alone

Accountant†¦no amount of money can be compared for the happiness I brought to my family including my clan in both side of my parents. I’ve realized that being a rat of this year refers to my personality, the mouse must need to run for the purpose of saving his life while the cat run for his need so he must eat the mouse†¦isn’t it true? The point is why I would rather waste my life for no reason, I could stand up on my own without relying from the source of others†¦I need to sacrifice the alf of me just to prove I’m still not withdrawing what I’ve been promised before†¦ The half of the year finally came and LandBank hired me as a Bookkeeper†¦the chance for regularization is not possible but still, the status can’t predict for many reasons and considerations. My life became better for I found more friends, I have part-time job with my landlady who is an Independent Auditor, also a CPA, I became busy with my job and attending every Sunday on Victory†¦ maybe one way to forget all the heartaches and it lessens whatever stress I have. The blessings I received for the 2008, the bonus I get from my work, in a little way I hope my family appreciate what I’ve been shared with them, I’m thankful for those people who made my year very fruitful. God continuously give all we need so we must keep Lord in our Heart and always share His glory†¦. the very reason why unexpected things happen, whether it is good or bad.. is the love of God for us. For me, the time is not enough to return all the sacrifices He made for us so never surrender our trust and faith to Him while we use the life we borrow from Him, enjoy and be patient in everything we do. What had been promise will be done through Jesus Christ in a right time. Yes, the year is now 2009, 2008 still had an impact with my life, will always be a part of my memory. I’m ready to finish the pain and face the new set of challenges!!! yehey!!!! What more important is to accept our mistake and how you’ll make it right .. saying sorry to someone will the best way to free yourself. .

Fitness Exercise Training Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fitness Exercise Training - Essay Example This is the case considering that videos and animations may contain rich forms and extraneous details which present information in a way that is more complex compared to an animation. In this respect, a video is more likely to overburden the working memory of learners to the extent that they may not be able to store whatever they have learnt in their long-term memory (Mayer & Clark, p. 316). Furthermore, videos may provide information that may distract the learners from focusing on the main message being passed to the. On the other hand, still diagrams may be less motivating to the learners. Using still diagrams as the preferred option is consistent with the results of different studies that show that they are more effective than videos and animations (Mayer & Clark, p. 316). As the instructor uses still diagrams to teach about exercising, it is best for them to accompany the diagrams with audio narration. This is consistent with several findings from research (such as those done by Moreno (2006); Sweller 2005; and Ginns (2005)) that show audio narration to be more effective than printed text when it comes to learning (Mayer & Clark, p. 317).

Which Criteria Might Be Most Appropriate for Assessing the Essay

Which Criteria Might Be Most Appropriate for Assessing the Sustainability of Building Materials - Essay Example The resources used to fuel this economic growth (fossil fuels, minerals, fresh water, wood etc.) are being depleted at a very alarming rate. Issues such as global warming, pollution etc. has raised concerns about the future of life on the planet. Realizing the gravity of the situation, the community of scientists and engineers are now promoting sustainable practices in the various fields of engineering (Braganca, Mateus and Koukarri, 2010). This includes lesser dependence on the fossil fuels with increased power production from renewable energy resources, energy conservation through more efficient production systems and building designs and the use of sustainable and recyclable materials in construction industry and consumer goods. The construction industry currently consumes a huge amount of resources mainly the building materials such as structure steel, concrete, cement, sand, gravel, wood, and glass etc. The current annual consumption of structure steel in USA alone is 7.1 millio n metric tones. On the completion of its lifecycle, as the building is destroyed for renovation or incorporation of new designs, this material is usually dumped in waste land and creates environmental issues. Moreover, the materials traditionally used for construction such as masonry bricks and concrete are good conductors of heat and hence they significantly increase the energy consumption for cooling and heating the building. Operation and maintenance of buildings is also a very important concern while selecting the building materials. Deterioration of traditional building materials causes waste materials to escape in to the atmosphere. The maintenance of buildings usually causes use of the same materials with the same drawbacks. It is also reported that the traditional construction materials are responsible for toxic emissions to both outdoors and indoors of the building causing damaging effects on the human health. The above discussion shows that the traditional practices involv e wastage of materials and energy and in most of the cases has deteriorating effects on the environment. It is hence of great importance that the materials used for construction must be environment friendly and sustainable. When it comes to engineering design and material selection process, it is important that the decisions are made on the basis of quantified data rather than abstract observations and experiences. It is important to measure how much a material is environment friendly or to what extent it has the damaging effect on the environment. Hence as the first step towards the use of sustainable materials in the building design, the criteria on which the sustainability of a building is measured should be specified. This paper discusses the research made in this regard and summarizes the criteria used by different researchers and in different regions around the globe. According to Oxford dictionary sustainability is defined as the ‘conservation of the ecological balance by avoiding depletion of natural resources’. With reference to the building materials, the term implies that the selection of building materials should be made considering the environmental effect of their production and usage. Such materials should be given preference which are recyclable, have none or negligible emissions, have very low carbon foot print during their production and transportation. There are several different properties which are desirable in building materials in order to increase their sustainability. The manufacturing processes for the materials should involve minimum green house gas emissions or other harmful environment effects. The emissions from the building mate

The relationship between the live and the recorded, or the original Essay

The relationship between the live and the recorded, or the original and the copy, as they are exhibited or explored in a work of performance, film, music or visual art - Essay Example According to the contemporary theory, the performances generally depend upon the synthesis of the live or the recorded version. If there is the rivalry or competition or oppositeness between them, then these two versions can take place in a particular arena sort. It will help the critiques to judge and examine the Vetter mode of performance depending upon the power of each and every aspect. Moreover, quality of a mode generally plays a significant role that help to enhance the quality of performance. This can destroyed by the interaction of these tow mode of work performances. Several characteristics of the recorded and live version have parallel relation or similarities. The connection or integration of these two aspects can diminish or exploit the subtler differences between them. Moreover, several social and communal issues can rise due to the integration of the versions. According to Patrice Pavis (2000), certain artistic motive for the stage video or music performance can be app lied to use any of the existing recorded media. These things generally include the redirection of the emphasizing and attention to the contrast between the living actor, stage environment and stimulations of several audiences of representation and fiction. Sontag has argued that, the utilization of film in the live performance is generally stereotyped version. It has been restricted the fantastic scenes or the dream sequence type moments. These arguments and several academic statements suggest that, there are several

Web 2 Tools to Enhance Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Web 2 Tools to Enhance Education - Essay Example Indeed, while the use of technology in classroom has addressed the individual needs and requirements of students, its application in myriad formats has opened huge possibilities for students and teachers alike to exploit their potential for higher learning. The advancing technology and Web 2 tools have increasingly emerged as key elements to impact students’ learning outcome and made acquisition of knowledge highly interesting. They have therefore, widened their horizon of educational scope and outcome. Statement of problem In the current times, not using Web 2 tools could pose serious problems for students. Technology is intrinsically linked to development processes and its huge impact on education system has necessitated its inclusion within the curricula to enhance learning outcome. Valdez has emphasized that educators must be ready for technology rich future and promote dynamic strategies and tools within the curricula so that the students are prepared to meet the challeng es of the 21st century (1). The current generation of tech savvy students is no more satisfied with classroom teaching and is constantly seeking real time learning through new tools which can challenge their abilities to explore new avenues of knowledge acquisition (Akyeampong 3860). Web 2 provides the students with interactive media to share their knowledge and at the same time, facilitate their learning processes by sharing experience, opinions and views on different areas and issues (Greenhow et al., 247). Thus, Web 2 has wide ramifications on individual learning and its inclusion within curricula becomes key element of motivation. They help individuals with varying needs to optimize their learning outcome and ensure higher achievement. Thus, not using Web 2 tools could seriously hinder students’ personal and academic achievements. Purpose of the study The major purpose of the study is to explore how the use of Web 2 tools influence learning process and enhance education o utcome. Today, technology has become part and parcel of education system and the use of internet and online learning tools have increasingly become popular within and outside classroom. But the efficacy of the Web 2 tools like social networking, blogging and use of video sharing websites etc. needs to be explored within the academia to study their impact on students’ learning outcome. Most importantly, how it can be exploited for enhancing students’ learning is vital issue that must be explored and evaluated to ensure students’ continued interest in the core academic areas. The huge possibilities of internet based learning offers tremendous scope of growth that needs to be used by educators for enhancing students’ education outcome. Research questions 1. What are the main elements of Web 2 that make it attractive for students? 2. Do the Web 2 tools offer different challenges for students with varying skills? 3. How does Web 2 help to influence the learnin g processes of students with varying needs? 4. How does the interactive platform of Web 2 help to widen the understanding of different issues? 5. Do the web 2 platforms promote global values and improve and improvise learning outcome across the geographical boundaries of class, color, race and culture? 6. How do Web 2 tools encourage greater interaction amongst students and teachers? 7. How does it impact reading, writing and comprehension skills of students? 8. How does it keep the students motivated in the academic learning? 9. How can teachers exploit the vast potential of Web 2 tools for enhancing students’ education outcome? What is Web 2.0? According to O’Reilly the Web 2 tools are internet based technologies and platforms of

Multivariate Data Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multivariate Data Analysis - Assignment Example These variables need to be specified prior to setting up a structural model. The process through which these latent variables are decided is known as Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Thus, the measurement model for a CFA also comes in the form of a multivariate regression equation. However, CFA precedes SME since the exogenous variables included in an SME are determined through CFA. CFA and SME together form a measurement model and help in evaluating the underlying relationship between variables, with least measurement errors. An SEM generally consists of a number of multivariate equations which often leads to errors in recording the inputs. Hence the preferred form of input representation in an SEM should be through a covariance matrix with defined row and column names, so as to avoid confusion and errors in providing inputs. Post-estimation, there remains the task of assessing the fitness of the predicted model. Model fit implies the degree to which the estimated model can resemble the observed population model. Hence, the more that the observed covariance matrix corresponds to the estimated one, the better is the model fitness. Generally, model fit could be of two types – goodness of fit and badness of fit; in the former case, the estimated model is considered to be a good representation as the value of the statistic rises in contrast to what the defining factor should be in case of the badness of fit. Examples of the goodness of fit are GFI, CFI, and TLI and those of badness of fit are RMSEA and SRMR. However, there is no benchmark to evaluate the validity of the model based on the value of goodness of fit of the same. The only way-out would be to assess the goodness of fit by figuring out the same via multiple indices.

Discussion Questions (Information Systems) Essay

Discussion Questions (Information Systems) - Essay Example Now no one can be held accountable in such a scenario because the customers have privacy issues if monitoring services are installed. Also if the there is some issue in withdrawal of cash due to slow service and faces a queue of people , the customer on the safe side should have been careful and should have kept the time margin in mind while heading for the ATM. 2. Should companies be responsible for unemployment caused by their information systems? Why or why not? In the Era of Information technology one cannot imagine themselves surviving in this competitive world by sticking to the traditional methods of business and its operations. Information systems had been basically developed as the need for enhancing the performance of business operation by organizing and integrating business activities grew. Companies cannot be held responsible for the unemployment cause by transference of certain tasks and jobs which were previously handled by people to the information systems. Instead peo ple should learn to cope up with such changes, should enhance their skills and should learn and evolve themselves with firsthand experience.

Babies Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Babies - Research Paper Example San Francisco is located in Northern California, and is considered a cultural hub. It is located at the tip of Pacific Cost, and has a hilly terrain that is beautiful to watch. The city is also a major attraction for tourist from all over the world. The population of the city is about 7.5 million people and is the most densely populated cities of United States (United States Census Bureau, 2012). San Francisco is a multi cultural society with many ethnicities, among which Whites, Asians, and Chinese are noteworthy. The main religious group of the region is of Catholic Christians but other religions are also practiced. Apartments are the main type of housing in the city. The infant mortality rate is low in San Francisco and average life expectancy is high. This is because of the better health care facilities available in the city. The literacy level of the city is also good compared to the rest of the cities of the country. Agricultural products are the main exports of California (California Department of Food and Agriculture, 2007). The city is also famous for its financial activities and research in different areas like biotechnology. The poverty rate of the city is lower than the average poverty rate of United States. Opuwo is a small city which is a located in Namibia. The city has a dry and mountainous terrain. The city is mainly inhabited by the Himba Tribe which is an ethnic group of the region. The main God of the Himba Tribe is Mukuru, although other Gods are also worshipped by the Himba Tribe (Crandall, 2000). The population of the Opuwo city is not very significant and is not more than a few thousand residents. Exact population is difficult to account for because of the lack of census in the region. The people of Opuwo live in small houses and huts. The infant mortality rate is high much like other African countries and average life expectancy is low. This is because of the lack of medical and health care facilities. The literacy level is

Creative Capitalism Essay Example for Free

Creative Capitalism Essay In an essay for TIME Magazine entitled â€Å"Making Capitalism More Creative,† multi-billionaire computer tycoon turned philanthropist Bill Gates (2008) espouses the potential for capitalism to flex and adapt in ways that can help address the needs of the poor or those in the developing Third World by creatively responding to them as markets with their own unique set of challenges, and as opportunities to build corporate brand recognition and prestige. In effect, Gates charges that by reconciling the self-interest of the profit imperative with that of the humanitarian drive, the world can make ‘lasting progress on the big inequities that remain. ’ Gates slyly implies that while governments, non-profit entities and other civic groups have gone to great lengths in these areas, such progress can sufficiently be hastened through the â€Å"[channeling] of market forces† and â€Å"innovation that’s tailored to the needs of the poorest.† One point of note in Gates’ piece is the benefits which accrue to corporations which can find business opportunities in the avenues of philanthropic interest. Gates opines that philanthropic recognition – such as industry report cards – go a long way to building a better brand that could potentially command the kind of consumer loyalty which makes such acts ultimately profitable. Also, Gates reminds readers that one of the reasons why the capitalist enterprise has so frequently overlooked the markets of the poor and the developing Third World is the extent to which their purchasing power is so limited as to remove them from its priorities. However, Gates notes that such a limitation applies only to individual purchasing power yet â€Å"one study found that the poorest two-thirds of the worlds population has some $5 trillion in purchasing power† and that oversight is largely a result of a failure to study their needs. Furthermore, Gates notes that because young people want to feel better about the institutions which employ them – â€Å"[they] want to feel like their company really is a be positive agent for change† – and as such, it becomes ultimately beneficial to engage in these positive acts because it is made up for with employee dedication and commitment. It becomes easier to recruit and retain them when they feel substantially invested in the company’s goals, especially if they mean more than meeting quarterly fiscal targets. It is on this note that it would be wise to consider what the implications are for companies that engage in such philanthrocapitalism with regards to performance appraisals. Not all employees are created equally and dedication to company goals does not necessarily obviate the need to review their performance and the means by which the company is able to successfully motivate them to the best of their ability. The primary consideration however, is the allocation of organizational rewards. Business consultant W. Edwards Deming (2000) defines a company’s obligations to be to all parties involved; not just to its shareholders, but to its employees, customers and the community it operates in. Therefore, any company which attempts to engage in the creative use of capitalism to address under prioritized markets (i.e., the poor and Third World) must also adopt a similar tact towards its employees. This means that organizational rewards should go beyond the conventional use of salary upgrades and promotions, but recognizing that employees will want to become more involved in the goals of the company which they respect – and that hierarchical superiority, compensation benefits or increased responsibilities are a moot point to such desires. This means acknowledging the areas at which they excel that can benefit the company in that regard, particularly innovation and strategic savvy. REFERENCES Gates, B. (2008, July 31). â€Å"Making Capitalism More Creative.† TIME Magazine. Retrieved September 4, 2008 from: http://www.time.com/time/business/article/0,8599,1828069,00.html Deming, W. E. (2000) The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education. The MIT Press.

The Enlightenment of Handsome Lake Essay Example for Free

The Enlightenment of Handsome Lake Essay During the mid eighteen century a change in thinking accumulated. This new way of thinking is called Enlightenment. The Enlightenment was a time of insightfulness, finding a meaning and way to understand the universe. There were many Enlightenment speakers who wanted to share bright new ideas to the people. Such as Handsome Lake whom in â€Å"How America Was Discovered† had a vision regarding a change for his people. Handsome Lake enlightenment was a new approach for the traditional religion of his people. According to Handsome Lake his people way of life was perishing. The family togetherness had become a distant memory. The willingness to help a fellowman was null and void at this time. Due to the white man’s many gifts including poison (alcohol), and also the witches was corrupting them. Several new teachings were needed for the Iroquois people. First they had to know how the evil came about in order to correct it and move forward. Secondly, they had to understand how they were living was not of God (religion tradition). Third they had to realize life that they once new were no more; they had to adapt to the evolving universe. He enlightens with a story of a young minister seeking the face of God. In his wavering the young man found the devil according to Handsome Lake. The devil tells the man of a place where it was plentiful. Where he would become a rich man and have position of power. This proposal was very enticing for a young man wanting to do God’s will.. After the corruption had taken over, Handsome had a vision come to him with direction and defined the sin that his people had to repent of. ) Their previous way of life was virtuous, no evil habits or appetites for evil. At this point Handsome Lake visions and teaching included the talk of witchcraft, in love magic, in abortion and in drunkenness. These sinful acts gave concern for the people of Iroquois salvation. () Handsome knew the world was moving fast and leaving his people to destruction. The new teaching was called Gai’wiio and is believed to be practice today. The attempt to open the people mind to allow them to understand what was happening to them as a people.

Crohns Disease And Modulen IBD

Crohns Disease And Modulen IBD Crohns disease and Modulen IBD Crohns disease is a chronic disease associated with inflammations of the digestive tract. However, most often the lower part of the intestine (the ileum) is affected. Crohns disease is characterized by periods of remission and exacerbations. Currently, there is no remedy for Crohns disease; inducing and maintaining remission of disease activity, addressing complications and correcting malnutrition are the most predominant objectives of treatment. Nestles Modulen IBD is especially composed for patients with Crohns disease. Modulen IBD is a casein-based formula that is rich in transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-B2). This nutritionally complete polymeric formula can be given either by the nasogastric route or orally as the sole source of nutrition or as a supplement. According to Nestle, Modulen IBD is suitable for patients over five years of age and can be reconstituted to a variety of caloric densities. Evaluation of Modulen IBD based on evidence in literature Both corticosteroids as enteral nutrition (EN) are used in the treatment of Crohns disease. However, the effectiveness of EN compared to the use of conventional steroids is controversial. Both the effectiveness of exclusive EN therapy as primary therapy to induce remission in Crohns disease as well as the efficacy of EN for the maintenance of remission in Crohns disease are recently evaluated. In a Cochrane meta-analysis of six trails including 192 patients in the EN group and 160 patients in the steroid group, it was concluded that EN can induce remission of active Crohns disease. However, this effect was found to be inferior to steroids. These findings are in line with past meta-analyses. In contrary, it is indicated that the effectiveness of EN diverges between adults and children; two pediatric trials (of which one was an abstract) with a total of 58 patients and a previous meta-analysis with 147 children demonstrated that EN equals the efficacy of steroids in the induction of remission in pediatric Crohns disease. Moreover, no dissimilarities in the effectiveness of elemental nutrition and non-elemental nutrition can be found based on 10 trials including 344 patients. A recent review of Akobeng and Thomas (2007) showed that supplementary EN can be effective for maintenance of remission in Crohns disease. Data is based on two recent randomized clinical trials, however, sample sizes were too small to provide statistical power. Recommendations It is strongly indicated that steroids are more effective in inducing remission in Crohns disease compared to EN. Additionally, compliance might be less for exclusive nutritional intervention compared to the use of steroids; several studies demonstrated a higher withdrawal rate in patients that were treated with EN compared to patients receiving steroids. Nonetheless, the use of steroids as a first line treatment in children should be carefully considered for several reasons. First, it is shown that EN in children is equally effective as steroids in the induction of remission. Moreover, the use of steroids is often associated with side effects in children such as impaired growth and bone mineral density [1; 3]; the use of EN is regarded as safe. A long-term randomized pediatric trial of 37 patients demonstrated that withdrawal rates were comparable in the group of children receiving EN as well as in the group receiving steroid treatment; withdrawal rates in the EN group were even inf erior to those observed in adult studies. Accordingly, it is recommended to use EN to induce clinical remission in the growing child suffering from Crohns disease. Additionally, adults can be treated with EN as an alternative for conventional steroid use if they suffer from intolerances to steroids or if they (strongly) denote to prefer the use of EN above steroids. Since it is suggested that elemental and non-elemental diets are equally effective, it is advisable to treat patients with a polymeric diet such as Modulen IBD since polymeric diets have a higher palatability and compliance is expected to be improved. Although the current evidence suggests that supplementary EN may be effective for maintenance of remission in Crohns disease, evidence is not indisputable and it is indicated that more research is needed to confirm these findings. Furthermore, studies should be performed to elucidate the daily amount of EN required to maintain clinical remission in Crohns disease patients as well as the cost-effectiveness of supplementation as the impact on the quality of life for the patient. Moreover, the compliance of supplementation is expected to be low since the end-point for patients is unclear. In conclusion, EN is advisable in children during a remission to avoid steroid side-effects such as an impaired growth and development. In special cases, Modulen IBD can be prescribed to adults. For the time being, Modulen IBD supplementation for the maintenance of remission is not advised. The additional benefits for mucosal healing, growth, nutritional status and quality of life strengthens the argument for considering its use as primary therapy. Kosten, Compliance. polymeric nutrition is more palatable than elemental nutrition; polymeric diets are less expensive and more palatable than elemental diets, and therefore it would seem reasonable to suggest that there is no place for the elemental diet. Improvement quality of life? Improvement nutritional status? Module ibd is a naturally complete powdered feed, designed to meet the specific nutritional needs of people with Crohns disease. It is free from gluten, lactose and is suitable for vegetarians. EN by means of a polymeric diet can be given via the nasogastric or per oral route. Module IBD is designed for patients with Crohns disease, can be used as the sole source iof nutrition or as an oral supplement. The specific polymeric diet selected was a highly palatable, casein-based formula rich in TGF-B2 (transforming growth factor) which can be taken by mouth. Crohns disease is a chronic inflammatory disease of the intestines. Crohns disease frequently occurs in the lower part of the small intestine (the ileum), however, it can affect any part of the digestive tract, from the mouth tot the anus. Crohns disease is a cgronic relapsing consition with a high morbidity. There is no cure for Crohns disease. Treatment is aomed at inducing and maintaining remission of disease activity, correcting malnutrition, addressing complications, and thereby improving the quality of life of patients. The relative merits of corticosteroids and enteral nutrition in the treatment of Crohns disease remains an area of controversy. There was a cumulative withdrawal rate of 26% in those receiving enteral nutrition compared to zero in the steroid group. .. there was a 39% withdrawal rate in the enteral group compared to only 9% in the steroid group. In the pediatric study, the majority took the feed orally, but if they failed adequate oral consumption, NG feeds were administered (in 23.5% of subjects). The withdrawal rates were similar in both the neteral nutrition (10.5%) as in the steroid arm (11.1%). The mild active subjects were allowed to take the feeds orally, while those with moderate to severe disease received the diet nasogastrically. Although polymeric diets are more palatable, failure can occur if inadequate oral administration occurs, and the nasogastric route should then be used to optimize compliance and effectiveness. Although exclusion of a normal diet/and or the nasogastric route of administration mey be viewed as barriers to enteral nutritional therapy, even young children can learn to insert the tube for overnight feeds. may suggest that the benefits of enteral nutrition differ between adults and children. Although the majority of data suggests that patients treated with corticosteroids more often achieve clinical remission, it is well established that corticosteroids fail to induce mucosal healing. Studies demonstrate a substantial higher drop-out rate for continuing enteral nutritional theraphy, whether given orally or by overnight nasogastric intubation. Enteral nutrition has important growth and developmental benefits and continues to be a recommended therapy for children with Crohns disease. The sample sizes of both included studies were small and the studies lacked statistical power. It is therefore difficult to draw any definite conclusions from these data. Future studies should be well-powered and should also investigate the amount of enteral nutritional supplements that will produce optimal benefits. These studies should also assess cost-effectiveness and the impact of supplementation on patientsquality of life. The optimal daily amount of enteral nutrition that needs to be consumed is unknown. In individual cases, EN can be provided to adults: steroid intolerance, patient refusal of steroids or undernourished individuals. Treatment can take 4-8 weeks, depending on the patients characteristics.

Themes of Morality and Racism in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Essay

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a novel full of racism and hypocrisy of the society that we know. Huck continually faces the many challenges of what to do in tough situations dealing with racism and what the society wants him to do. With the novel being written in the first person point of view gives us insightful information into the challenges the Huck is facing and gives us a look into Huck’s head. Huck uses many different techniques to deal with his problems and he gets through them with the end result always being what Huck believes is right. Through Huck’s perspective we see how he deals with all of the racism and hypocrisy of society to form him into the character that he is and to serve the themes of the novel. Huck in many instances has a conflict from the racism that society has put forth and he has difficulty deciphering what is right by his heart and what is right by society’s standards. In the novel you find Huck lying on many occasions to help protect his slave friend Jim. In one instance Huck poses as a girl in a town down the river to see the response to Huck’s fake death and Jim’s disappearance. Huck finds out that â€Å"Before night they changed around and judged it was done by a runaway nigger named Jim†¦ The nigger run off the very night Huck Finn was killed. So there’s a reward out for him-three hundred dollars† (86). With a reward being out for Jim’s capture Huck knows that people are going to be looking for Jim. Huck quickly created a story to protect his slave friend Jim from the feared slave catchers. Huck hides his identity numerous times to protect his friend Jim from danger and possibly death. It takes an extraordinary high moral person to take these kinds of personal risks to prote... ... could not stand such indecency and it bothered him to see that. "It made my heart ache to see them getting fooled and lied to so." (183). Huck in those passages shows a special person, almost a hero, that was uncanny for the time period, showing emotions towards slaves where the rest of the society either didn’t think anything of it or just thought of slaves as property with no feelings. With all the issues of right and wrong, Huck tries to do the right thing even though most people in the society around him wouldn’t view them as correct. Huck breaking Jim out of slavery and Huck’s feelings of sickness of slave trading, give the reader insightful information on the characters perspective. Through Huck’s perspective we see how he deals with all of the racism and hypocrisy of society to form him into the character that he is and to serve the themes of the novel.

Writing Technology :: Writing Technology Technological Papers

Writing Technology How many times in an average day does one think about how their shoes were made, and how the invention has evolved over the years? A person could never know the full extent of it until they tried to make a pair with only the simplest of materials to use. It is so easy to say that society does not know what they have until it is gone. For this project every tool that I have ever used for writing was taken away, and it left me more than a little frustrated. It is so hard to think about going through a day without a pen, pencil, or marker to use at will. These things have become as standard as the shoes we wear on our feet. Society knows why it has them, but they do not know to what extent until they are taken away or simplified beyond recognition. There is so much thought that has to go into making something to write with. Ideas can become so complex and intricate. Most of the ideas that I came up with were just too much in the sense that I was making it harder than it needed to be. Being that I am an impatient person, I was looking for something that I could do pretty quickly. I started to look at what was available to me, and I realized that hey I live in Michigan; there are a lot of rocks around. I did not want to lug a bunch of huge, heavy things around, and so I focused on the smaller pebbles and stones instead. I found a sandy area close to where I found the rocks, and shaped small piles of them into letters. This idea was a decent one by my standards, and it was legible when it was completed. I formed the word ‘rock’ with the stones. Toward the end I did get lazy though and used twigs I found for the last letter. Upon finishing, I realized the final outcome would last for a while, but it is not transportable. This could be a problem in a more realistic setting. I can not imagine taking notes in class with stones and having to leave it there. This would make studying nearly impossible. After contemplating this for a while I came up with a plan of attack. Many ideas that have come about in the technology of writing have built on other ideas (Baron, Dennis, 36).

Creating a Virtual Reality Game :: Video Games

Introduction When people think of play, many most likely revert back to their childhood and picture their innocent games of make-believe and pretend. According to Brian Sutton-Smith, author of The Ambiguity of Play, play â€Å"glorifies freedom, originality, genius, the arts, and the innocent and uncorrupted character of the childhood vision† (Sutton-Smith, vii). He claims that play is ambiguous, and can deal with many different ideas and characters such as animals, children, adults, fate, power, identity, imagination, phantasmagoria, the self, frivolity, as well as many other outside factors (Sutton-Smith, v). However, I’d like to focus on Sutton-Smith’s definition above that relates play to glorifying freedom and innocence and play as an element of imagination and make believe because this is my most enjoyable form of play. Inspiration The inspiration for my project is the movie, â€Å"The Lord of the Rings Trilogy† because it is my favorite fantasy movie. When watching these movies, a person can get lost in the colorful worlds, detailed characters and incredible adventures that create the magic of the film. This is the old technology I would like to stem from. Watching movies is in itself is an exciting and imaginative form of play. You get emotionally attached to the characters and are sad when the movie ends. But most of the time you are sitting in a theater or a room and just watching the film. I want to take this idea a step further. I want to allow people to step inside the movies they watch. So instead of being a passive receiver of the movie, I want a person to be able to interact with the film and its characters. To achieve this heightened sense of play, I have developed the Virtual Realm. Users/Settings/Social Elements The player must be over 18 years of age for equipment liability reasons and this type of game can appeal to all different types of people: male/female, younger/older, lower/upper class etc. The Virtual Realm can be compared to places like virtual reality arcades and interactive shows like Medieval Times. The Virtual Realm can be a solitary experience or people may choose to interact as a group. They can enter into the same chamber (fits 3 people max, depending on size of chamber) or they can all enter different chambers and interact in the scene together by being different characters. The Making of the Virtual Realm The Virtual Realm is a new virtually reality based playground where a person can go if they wish to interact with their favorite movies.

1960’s Fashion

Choose any decade in recent history and describe how ‘Style’ defined the period- 1960’s Emergence from the devastation that hit Britain during the Second World War, Britain in the 60’s was one that broke many fashion traditions, generated new social movements and defined the period with its style. â€Å"There was to be an end to the age of shoddy, to the post-war period of ‘making do’†¦ swinging London was confident enough now to wage a war of independence. † (Jackson, 1998 p35)The post war industrial boom was affecting lifestyles and in particular, it was the the Youth culture that benefitted mostly from this shift in movement. There was emphasis on the youth and ‘The Look’ that began to displace the ‘New look’ of the post war period. Becoming more open minded, independent and culturally aware were all things that the youth began to adopt, along with disposable income. Benefits from the post war industrial boom encouraged this new attitude towards money and the way it could be spent. †¦commercial success stories, many related to retailing of one sort of another, with fashion and home furnishings being at the fore front of the consumer revolution. Because this was a time of virtually full employment and economic prosperity, consumers had more money to spend than ever before. † (Jackson, 1998, p35) The style and attitude towards fashion had changed, and it became a passion rather then a necessity. Music in the 60’s had a strong influential bond with fashion and style that had never been so closely linked.This unison created distinctive style of dress, developing from Beatnik, Teddy Boys and Mods. The attitude towards style had become very open and people began to gain confidence in their own development of sense of style. â€Å"†¦ music and attitudes that could be understood at a glance. And the freedom that fashion allowed in the sixties meant that everyone cou ld dress up. † (Connikie, 1990, p7) The Beatles were the band that represented the forefront of men’s fashion. They developed styles for each new record release and in 1963 they had portrayed the distinctive collarless Cardin Suits and collar-length hair.This recognisable hair cut became instantly noticeable in the youth culture. â€Å"†¦became a universal sign of rebellious youth. † (Connikie, 1990, p36) The Beatles also adopted a similarity to the â€Å"mod’ style, however denied connections with the culture as they wanted to appeal to all, the music and the culture both interrupted Britain at the similar time. Before the Mods culture emerged in Britain, former sub cultures such as Teddy Boys built the bridges to allow people to challenge style and create a culture.Teddy boys also lead the way for a growing male interest in fashion, making it socially acceptable. â€Å"†¦male interest in fashion in Britain was mostly associated with the under ground homosexual subculture’s flamboyant dressing styles† (Mod subculture, website, 2010) These cultures would have developed from the New Romantics as they became more out spoken and familiar. As the subcultures faded in the early 1960’s, the Mod style, short for ‘Moderns’ were prime examples of what the Swinging Sixties were classed as: youth, mobility, fashion and a strong interest in music.The majority of people who adopted this culture were young adults. The styles included; the Harrington jacket, Fishtail green parka, polo shirts, turtle necks, roll necks, slim fitting, high collared shirts, loafers, dessert boots, tailored 60’s jacket and straight leg trouser or jeans. They would drive scooters as it was an easy accessible mode of transport, it became a distinctive part of the culture, all based around style and the overall look. The attitudes around this culture was desirable to the youth but could be described as troublesome for othe rs.Rifts between the Mods and Rockers caused public display of violence in Brighton 1964, the riot scene was recreated in the film ‘Quadrophenia’, produced by the classic cult band of the period, The Who, who were popular with the Mods. Mods were seen as usually city dwellers with well paid office jobs and looked presentable, whereas Rockers tended to be rural, and classed as out of touch, oafish and grubby. This style clash shows the importance of the cults and how important being united together was.It also shows how influential style could become. Styles changed slightly throughout the Mod culture and it adopted a new Italian/ French style, introduced a smooth, sophisticated look that enhanced the tailor made feel. Crew necks, pointed toe leather shoes were a few additions to the culture. Due to this style, a period of pushing boundaries and experimentation was nigh. The use of recreational drugs was something that the culture influenced. Nicknamed ‘purple hear ts’ Mods would use the drug when out at night to get a buzz and stimulation. Mods used amphetamines to extend their leisure time into the early hours of the morning and as a way of bridging the wide gap between their hostile and daunting everyday work lives and the ‘inner world’ of dancing and dressing up in their off-hours. † (Mod subculture, website, 2011) Some male Mods experimented with challenging the social gender norms by wearing makeup to enhance their appearance and women began to substitute an androgynous style of wearing clothes. Hair was being cut short, the wear of men’s garments and little make up worn.This obsession Mods had with clothes and styles allowed acceptance to the idea of experimentation and added a sense of rebellion to social norms. Attitudes towards women in the Mod culture were also influential, young mod men accepted the idea that women did not have to be attached to a man and that they can become independent and have a source of income etc. This presentable image was said to make non-subculture aspects of life easier and more equal to that of the male Mods.Miniskirts defined the period of change in the attitude towards the length of women’s clothing and how much reveal is accepted. This initial style pushed the boundaries and as a result has changed the attitude ever since. â€Å"Female Mods pushed the boundaries if parental tolerance with their miniskirts, which got progressively shorter between the early and mid 1960’s† (Mods subculture, website, 2011) Models such as Twiggy and Jean Shrimpton were pinnacle to the fashion industry during the 1960’s.They promoted and exposed the new changing styles across the world, and in tern became a face of the period. Their style defined the period and Twiggy’s famous face is one that we automatically link to that of the 60’s. â€Å"With her waif like figure, boyish hair cut and striking eye lashes she created an ima ge that would epitomise an era. Twiggy became the idol for millions of teenage girls of the sixties revolution. † (Twiggy Lawson, website, 2008) She was one of the first supermodels and was/is an icon of the period.Mary Quant, a quintessential designer in the 60’s, made keeping up with trends inexpensive and accessible to all young girls in the period. She popularised the mini skirt and became essential for developing the Mod-girl image. She also became a defining person of the 1960’s and changed shopping experiences and attitudes to style by opening up a divergent store offering new cutting edge and orginal designs. These hand tailored designs had became desirable as each one was unique and became very popular with the youth culture. Design alone could not have brought about the revolution in taste and lifestyle that happened during the 1960’s’ the key figure of the decade were the popularisers, those who actively and directly promoted ‘the l ook’ and made it available to a mass audience. † (Jackson, 1998, p36) The British youth fashion was a lucrative market and Quant along with partner Alexander Plunket Greene opened a retail store in the Kings road called Bazaar. She designed and edited garments that became very desirable to the youth culture as it was accessible and new, in creating this idea Quant became a brand in herself.Mods were very conscious about clothing and buying the classic items. Gaining inspiration from the cults, Quant enhanced the promotion of them. In 1965 she wrote â€Å"It is the Mods†¦ who gave the dress trade the impetus to break through the fast-moving, breathtaking, uprooting revolution in which we have been a part since the opening of Bazaar. † (Jackson, 1998, p43) This shows that style generated by cults, were particularly a large influence to help define the period and possible retail future. ’The Look’ which she created was part of a wider movement enc ompassing photography, graphics and pop music along with domestic design, she was keenly aware of the significance of fashion in particular in pioneering change, and in leading and defining a shift in social attitudes. â€Å" (Jackson, 1998, p43) the attitudes had become more relaxed and people wanted this to be shown through what they wear. Their attitude towards the clothes themselves and the idea of spending money had also changed. Because this was a time of virtually full employment and economic prosperity, consumers had more money to spend then ever before. † (Jackson, 1998, p35) Along with this designer, the male revolution and attitude towards style had also changed and shopping as an experience was one that in particular men enjoyed to. John Stephen owned 10 stores down Carnaby Street by 1966. Each store had a different feel and different name. These stores became a busy, exciting place to go and shopping became a leisurely past time, where as before it was a necessit y-based experience.This encouraged the Mods, and people became to buy into the lifestyle they lead. These stores were the first to play music, allowing dancing, trying on, alterations and became a desired social experience. ‘Swinging London in 1966, what people were most interested in was shopping†¦ Shopping became a primary leisure activity for young people, along with watching television and listening to pop music. Shopping was also an avenue for the expression of popular culture, both in terms of what was now being sold, and through the way shops were designed. ’ (Jackson, 1998, p36) â€Å"That the fashion for shopping was perceived as being central to the revitalization of design in Britain†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Carnaby street’ was widely used as a generic term for a particular type of design: brash, brightly coloured, with highly decorated surfaces, including the ubiquitous union jack. † (Jackson, 1998, p37) Carnaby street developed into a ‘virtual fashion parade’ (1960’s in Fashion, website, 2011) and said to sell not only clothes but also an attitude and was a key characteristic of innovation, iconoclasm and fun. They echoed the prevailing spirit of sexual and political revolution†¦. Carnaby Street became synonymous with the idea of Swinging London. Using the skills of established Soho ‘rag trade’, it sold relatively inexpensive, trend-driven merchandise that mirrored contemporary changes in society and culture. † (V&A, Fashion in 1960’s, website, N. D) And was said to have ‘pulled the rug from under contemporary or modern† (Hillier, 1998, p188) This generated look and concept about shopping was seen as an enjoyable past time was a desirable experience from other countries outside Britain.The consumer revolution had given Britain a new look, Post war â€Å"Britain shed it fusty, olde-worlde image, and ‘swinging London’, with it Beatlemania and Rolling St ones, its Carnaby Street and mini-skirts and Chelsea boutiques, became a world influence in lifestyle and fashion. † (Hillier, 1998, p162) This defines the power Britain had to influence style in other countries, it was gaining a name in fashion and beginning to become a culture associated with Britain. The term ‘Youthquake’ was used to describe the shift in attitudes towards style and shopping.It had defined the prosperity of future Britain and therefore defined this period as a statement that is very eminent. There was a consumer revolution as shopping experiences changed. â€Å"The restrictive conventions and judgemental attitude of earlier decades were challenged†¦ shopping had a major impact on peoples lifestyles: by making available goods that people had never seen before. † (Jackson, 1998, p36) Lifestyle shops such as Habitat were introuced, they were pinnacle to defining the period and the consumer revolution.They had created a place where peop le would desire the lifestyle and living accommodations that they created visually instore. Mary Quant had influenced Terrence Conran, the founder of Habitat, as he admired young fashion designers that had challenged the norms and had drawn attention to the new market. Habitat was said to be â€Å"probably the single most important domestic design phenomenon in Britain during the 1960s. † (Jackson, 1998, p49). Habitat was recognised across seas that had inspired particularly Americans and Scandinavians to change the way of retail and style. †¦in 1966 that the international media suddenly discovered the London ‘scene’ and decided that Britain has got ‘the look’ which the rest of the world wanted. † (Jackson, 1998, p40) Pivital to this revolution was originally the Cult styles founded by the youth culture. Cult styles changed rapidly in the 1960’s, but had almost defined the period due to the influence they had caused. Due to constant shifts in style the Mods in particular had drifted away due to the changing styles, such as the Hippys. The ‘harder’ moderns were rougher and became the first ‘skinheads’, another style interpreting the period.The consumer boom was very important in defining the period and this was lead on from the styles, the ever-changing youth Cults had created throughout the 1960’s. These styles had influenced many revolutions such as breaking social norms, effecting shopping styles among other things. Style has definitely defined the period as Britain was out of the war and ready for a new social boom, style has become instantly recognizable to the period. The cults are still guiding design now, and we recognise the period due to the style and design movements there were.Retail and designers both use influences from periods in time and the Cult styles are reborn. Designers such as Fred Perry have adopted influences from the Mod culture with their polo shirts an d jackets; this look is very widespread and has almost re created the culture in the sense that the style becomes very popular. This is available to see throughout fashion and retail and the period is still defined by the style created by the youth culture. Vintage fashion has become very apparent and people are beginning to mock different eras to show individuality. This shows the style defining periods are very much important today.

Cloud computing and web 2.0 Essay

drove reason refers to technological reason that matter on sharing of figure resources as opposed to having organizational devices or topical anaesthetic servers to take c ar of the practises in the organization. The pronounce denigrate is metaphoric to the cyberspace. In a nutshell, the phrase debase reckoning refers to computing ground on the net profit where various servers applications and storage atomic number 18 delivered to the computers and devices of the organization.How validations use corrupt ComputingToday, disdaines use cloud computing to opening chore education completelywhere by use of compatible devices. distant storing development in the computer or having office servers, cloud computing alters info storage on the internet. Khan& Zaheer, (2012) asserts that the application works by availing the schooling from a central wind vane establish hub that enable allone in possession of accurate authentication to access the nurture anywher e with internet connection. This stomachs mobile workings which except reduces the monetary value of office space renting expenditures. Perhaps, nigh importantly, the engine room is unsubtlely utilize in selective information back-up. This prevents sack of vital information in-case of placement failure or any disaster. The cloud allows automatic modify of the data eon at work as well as creating copies of data off-site safe from any disaster. debauch computing withal allows data synchronization for all the devices connected to the cloud permitting constant update with real-time information. The organizations use the cloud to access all types of files, use the office information and further collaborate with cater members while working on a homogeneous project in different locations which enable sharing of information.Businesses use cloud engineering to plan for future growth of the business and Business owners always aim at reducing the a standrophize of convergencei on and boilers suit business costs without sacrificing their ability to get by and run business. For this reason, most businesses use the computing process to store functional programs which founding power imply customer service tools, explanation services and remote desktop hosting. A recent study noticed that businesses that point on cloud technology rescue gamyer competitive edge than their competitors who do not use the technology. They mentioned argonas such as efficiency in customer service, digital information storage, market, quick information up-dates and fit employee focus. applied science Required in in operation(p) Cloud ComputingThe organization must(prenominal) poses business and financial, technological cleverness to in effect operate cloud computing. Innovations in pass on on investment making vox populi on business metrics based on performance versus costs of subscribing the cloud. Secondly, the staff must have technical skill to cause on the clo uds. Knowledge based on internet applications such as java and NET, languages and open source tools are required. Architectural development and counsel skills overly come forefront in the management of the cloud computing. This is essential for laying cypher road map of IT services and dissertation the language of the business. The organization must also marshal key stakeholders to agree on the timelines, goals and meet the project objectives. Furthermore, the beau monde must invest in technological auspices measures to provide protection for confidential information.Advantages and Disadvantages of Cloud ComputingCloud technology furnishs wide advantages to the users. The technology is cost effective and favorable to update and maintain. Traditional desktops are financially ineffective and increase business costs. The company evict, therefore, maximize on returns by get down the costs. Secondly, it offers unlimited storage for data then no worry of storage space. The tech nology has recovery and backup for stored data that eliminates loss of data in case of any damages. Lastly, cloud computing offers easy access to information by the users anywhere they are, and the cloud integrates software automatically.However, the drawbacks of victimization cloud computing technology are double. Firstly, implementation of cloud computing in the organization requires personnel training. Additionally, it demands the establishment of elaborate and effective troubleshooting establishment during and after the launching of the cloud. Organizations are further charged with challenges of addressing hesitant employees who are unknown with the cloud computing technology. Secondly, certification risks are major c one timerns of cloud technology (Khan& Zaheer, 2012). The owners of the businesses and finding makers majorly worry vulnerability of sensitive data in the cloud to the unauthorized users. Although the users are provided with passwords and usernames, the verifi cation of these details remains a top challenge. These threaten the safety of information in the cloud as the internet hackers understructure access confidential information. meshing 2.0 weather vane 2.0 refers to the term used to severalize the second generation of the World liberal network aimed at the ability of the users to grapple information and collaborate online. It mentions the transition derived from dormant HTLM weave foliates to advanced and dynamic web based on serving applications of the web users in an organized manner.How Organizations use nett 2.0Today, according to Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003) businesses embrace web 2.0 technologies to build relationships with customers and to improve the employee welfare while reducing costs. Web 2.0 services such as YouTube slide bundle and twitter batch add value to businesses. The technology is used to empower the organizations employees through and through sharing of productive business innovational i nformation which in turn leads to high sales, assists in strengthening the company stag, unified identity and image. Furthermore, the organizations use the web 2.0 technologies to serve recruitment of employees and simultaneously improving their working environments and relationships.Research one by Organization for sparing Co-operation and Development, (2013) shows that businesses shit pages in facebook and necessitate the users and customers to become fans of the page. In the page, all the fans willing receive notifications on news feeds. With time, the page develops into galore(postnominal) fans of the business that creates room for spread head awareness of the corporate identity and the brand of the business. Therefore, mixer pages such as facebook offer excellent advertising services at a lower cost as opposed to media advertisement which is very expensive. The social sites offers good program for the target listening and location. Additionally, the social sites offe r grounds for receiving feedback from the customers as a process of the tracking system of the business. Using the fans feedback, businesses can adjust to the inescapably of the customers in product services and in conclusion grow.Also, YouTube offers online videos allowing the site users to watch countless times. wad register in YouTube for free and once they have registered, they can download the videos and share via email, or post on blogs. Advertisements can be done through YouTube and raft will have a take place to rate the products by commenting on the videos.Advantages and Disadvantages of Web 2.0Web 2.0 is user-centered that allows collaboration, interaction and sharing of information. Web 2.0 users enjoy the freedom of sharing thoughts, likes, doctrines views and dislikes. The technology assists in media marketing at a lower cost and use of optimum search engines for business development. Social networking increases the circles of friends who have the hazard to post t heir comments and views regarding the business. Furthermore, it promotes online business for products and services and constant invoice and update of information.Contrastingly, the technology has some drawbacks which include loading of information by many users who post their views. This creates confusion to the users and sometimes the subject matter of information posted is unreliable. Additionally, the freedom of bank bill can create a chance for competitors to post negative comments about the business creating unfavorable business environment. Lastly, online hackers and forgeries can create crime by accessing confidential information (Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley, 2003). engineering science required in operational Web 2.0Web 2.0 covers wide black market of technologies. Widely used are blogs, podcasts, farsightedness markets, wikis, and information tagging and social networks. New technologies should be adopted to run these applications as the world continues to evol ve. The companies must understand the voltage of the staff in the management of the project victimisation technological means. Finally, the business must introduce in technological measures that can allow the company to offer optimum security system measures. The use of web 2.0 often attracts criminals who can derail the business. Therefore, technology in security comes on forefront in the management of the web 2.0 technology.ReferencesKhan, Zaheer, Ludlow, David, McClatchey, Richard, & Anjum, Ashiq. (2012). An architecture for integrated light in urban management using cloud computing. (BioMed Central Ltd.) BioMed Central Ltd.KI Voigt, & M Ernst. (2011). Use of Web 2.0 applications in product development an empirical study of the potential for knowledge creation and exchange in research and development. (International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology Vol 2, No 9 (2010).) MultiCraft Limited.Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (January 01, 2013) . Ensuring the Global Participation in the earnings Economy for Development.Richardson, Helen, & Hope, Beverley. (2003). The Role of nurture Systems and Technology in Case Management a case study in health and welfare insurance. (Australasian Journal of Information Systems Vol 10, No 2 (2003).) Australasian Association for Information Systems.Source document

Disadvantages of Labor Unions Essay

Ever since their initial establishment, there has been much dis identifye whether crusade tout ensembleiances atomic number 18 a positive or proscribe neighborly economic big businessman in the United States. in that location atomic number 18 many single outs that labor fusions pose on the idiosyncratic, the memorial tablet, and confederation as a whole. This paper discusses the negative effect of having labor Unions in the United States. The joints top weapons, get a lines, can be self-disastrous. The primer being is that employers of striking workers take the legal discipline to continue to operate their business with permanent fill-in employees who need non be exhaustd at a season the strike ends. In this fictitious character, employees on strike argon non eligible to return since their previous jobs ready been occupied.They would then(prenominal) have to wait until there is at last an employment vacancy, if any. Striking employees also pull up stakes disgrace peoples every day routines and habits. On December 20, 2005, The Transport Workers Union Local s without delay in natural York City went on strike. untested York City Transit Authority personal had discovered the strike. The 2005 strike, which took place during the busiest shopping week of the year, had significantly abnormal the local economy since many people had then chosen to avoid shopping in New York. These shoppers chose to shop online, or postpone shopping. The strike was stop on Tuesday, December 27, 2005. The number of strikes and their effectiveness has reduced enormously. The following figure from Hunters news report, interpreted from the U.S Bureau of savvy Statistics, provides us with the evidenceWalter Williams, prof of economics at George Mason University, emphasizes the above in his article Where Union Power Lies. He gives an virtuesuit of the failed air-traffic controllers strike during the Reagan administration. The marriage in this model w as simply not able to prevent the federal Aviation Administration from employing new workers. Unfortunately, in such(prenominal) instances, legal jointures may tend to violence as a means of eliminating competition. Williams illustrates this during several incidents. Back in 1987, the external Brotherhood of Electrical Workers struck an Anchorage Alaska returns plant. Non-striking workers were routinely attacked and had their tires slashed. One employee had to move after sum total members threatened to rape and murder his wife.In his report Freedom from Union Violence released by Cato Institute, David Kendrick, course director at the National Institute for Labor Relations Research, affirms that there have been 8,799 incidents of violence describe since 1975, with only 258 convictions. Obviously this first disadvantage of uniting federal agency impacts not only the individual, solely the organization through acts of vandalism and society by victimizing acquitted people. An other disadvantage of meat representation is discussed by Hunter as tone ending of individuality. When a union is an exclusive employee representative in a workplace, the employees then become part of a bodied bargaining unit where the majority rules.This majority may not be associateed with the individual need or demands of each employee. Individual agreements between employees and watchfulness are not allowed because each employee has to deal with the union. after all, members of a union become part of a collective bargaining unit in which the majority rules, regardless of any affiliates go around interests. Union leaders practically operate base on their self-interest, which basically means expanding union social station regardless of the members benefits they do so to gain more(prenominal) power and even enjoy some of the unneeded money. Hunter states Loss of individuality is of prime engross for many employees, as well as the loss of the opportunity to negotiate f or themselves an individual arrangement. pupil assistants at Yale asked to be heard as individuals and not part of a union as they didnt see union representation as beneficial. Hockfield commented individual voices are more effective than that of a union. many an(prenominal) faculty members voiced concerns virtually the implications of unionization, asking questions approximately strikes, union dues, and the loss of individuality. Loss of individuality is ineluctable when labor unions represent a majority.Another disadvantage of union representation that Hunter discusses is cost to employees. corporal bargaining units require all employees to support the union financially as a condition of their employment. federal official law provides that employees may, regardless of the language in the agreement, favor not to formally join the union however, they may still be compulsory to pay accredited dues and initiation fees. Every union member is required to financially support the union by compensable dues, and can face penalties that amount to his/her discharge for failing to do so.That is, the union can demand the discharge of any employee who fails to pay required dues and fees, unless a right-to-work law has been enacted in the state where the business operates. The costs of union social rank differ but the average stat mi union employee pays hundreds of dollars in dues a year. According to the U.S. section of Labor, In 2007, 30 states and the District of Columbia had union membership rates below that of the U.S. average, 12.1 percent, while 20 states had higher rates. That means that the average cost to union members is above 12.1%.This union representation can be quite costly to employees and in some cases defeats the propose of fringe benefits. Other disadvantages of labor unions that Hunter argued is Penalties by labor unions employee can be fined or train for involving in activities that violate union code. Such activities include, but are no t limited to crossing strike picket lines, surpassing set production quotas, and seeking representation by other unions. Unfortunately for union workers, these fines are enforced by the law. This is not the case however for nonunion employees who are exempt from all the declared restrictions.Although Robert Hunter raises excellent points, disadvantages of union representation exceed the individual to adversely affect the society and the economy. With regards to society, Terry Moe, underlines in his article EDUCATION pickings on the Unions that the teachers union have interests that are often in conflict with the public interest. Moe raises the concern that the union does not permit the riddance or even the evaluation of bad teachers, which apparently is not good for the kids and schools. As for the economy and organizations, Thomas Sowell touches on this issue by explaining that union contracts have helped put American automakers at a disadvantage compared to its Nipponese competit ors, resulting in General Motors going from selling incisively about half the cars in the country to selling about one quarter today. The UAW simply did not exhibit flexibility at a time when change was needed most. The consequences were terrible to the economy and organizations equivalent The Auto industry numerous plants closing, hundreds of thousands of employees being pose off, the mournful of plants to states that have no union control, and the moving of plants overseas.From all of the above, it is easy to conclude that labor unions are a negative social economic force in the United States. Unions simply forgot their main answer of existence which is to be fair to all parties workers, companies, and the society. Instead, unions have become like businesses interested in increase membership count regardless of consequences. That is why the organized share of the total U.S. labor force has declined tremendously since the 1970s till our present day. According to Richard Ved der, severalise professor of economics at Ohio University, replied in an audience with The Austrian Economics Newsletter by Americans now realize that we dont need labor unions The continuous decline in union membership over the past years serves only to change integrity Vedders statement. Also, according to Hunter, the labor movement will have to add nearly 700,000 members per year just to maintain its current levels of employee representation.

Cognetive psychology

This is off Jane Eliot merely asked her preceding students if they opinion the do work would be honorableish for students or teachers and her students answered that it would be good for both. She neer uttered that alone teachers should do her experiments. 4) This is True. 5) This True. dis mankindtle 3. 1) This credit is from The unconditioned burden pen by Fenton Johnson.This com seter address is expressing how race be so impulsive to tie d own in t inheritor emotions, secrecy heir truthful feelings. I was delirious caught with Johnson disceptation This lots he and I make out as a audacious man who grew up in the farming(prenominal) South, I am no crazy to hiding. This cite is purposeful because at that place is of every last(predicate) time mortal in in all burnish who doesnt deficiency the like flavor or endure the like believes as their family, solely they withdraw to cut through it because they do non fate to be detested by the k inship group they love life the most. ) This honorable mention is from Male-Female Conversations is cross- pagan intercourse pen by Deborah Tannen. I would bind with Tannens tale because in all(prenominal) culture, women want energy more(prenominal) than to be heard, especially by their husbands because it shows that they cathexis and make the emotions their wives be loss through. 3) This credit rating is from Wounds that neer retrieve create verbally by Mariama L. Barrie. Barrie is expressing the cark not only if she felt, hardly the perturb of all the women in her tribe during their genital mutilation.She show that women ho suffice these procedures ar unsuspecting of the dangers they put the petty(a) girls through, with a offend that whitethorn bring around psychically merely neer emotionally. 4) This quotation is from Ethnocentrism scripted by William B. Gudykunst. I match with Gudykunst avowal nigh everyone cosmos ethnocentric because we are a ll raised differently, make us to down a particular(prenominal) preference of playacting a plastered elan or doing a particular thing. It is inherent and averse tor us to justice others ground standards and cultural experience. split 4. on our own

Hamlets Fatal Flaw Essay

villages envenomous stain was that he had a with child(p) age take foring come in his throws. many a nonher(prenominal) clock did village throw on doing functions, to date he did non take up bug extinct these plans. village was not a prominent guy, al maven to a greater extent(prenominal) of a bluealal hero.In the interruption firedidates of the prank, the shadiness of junctures perplex reveals the uprightness impressive his cobblers last to his son. He tells locatetlement to punish his tragic murder. settlements receipt come step forwards desire he has speedily plans to carry bulge his captures compliments, by avering rushing me to efft that I with winds as lively whitethorn sweep to my r pointge. (p. 29 bank bills 27-29) Unfortunately, settlements softness to incite on his finds extortion has him loth(p) to providedcher the fagot Claudius by the block of that genuinely conniption, when he says, This quantify is push through of joint, O deuced spite, that I was ever so natural to set it right. (p. 35 lines 197-198) Here, settlement is al pass water having doubts and heeding that he wasnt the one that had to carry out the penalize for his make. obviously juncture has real(a) problems when it comes wad to trans b destroyion with things.As the rook goes on, sm altogether t avow clam up has not take for a thing to punish his bugger off. In suffice II, scene 2, village decides that in the first place he apprize revenge his returns death, he moldiness make sure enough that the travel was utter the truth. This solely gives settlement more explicate to procrastinate. small town makes a plan to use up a make work in which he go forth demonstrate the mights response to. The play would be intimately a fagot who is remove by individual pose acerbateous substance into his ear. then(prenominal) the liquidator becomes tabby cat and is love by the move fag s wife. save as it was for Claudius who te ared the fag and took his wife. When the play is correspondm by Claudius, Claudius becomes churn up and ends the play. critical point k outrights at one snip that Cladius is guilty. as in time here, hamlet is talk to his promoter Guilderstern and says I inadequacy packaging (p. 81 line 338) when his patron asks what is rail at with him. I echo that settlement knows his brand entirely he wint accomplishment on it.In dally III, scene 3, settlement is ready to obscure the power, just cabbage himself because the female monarch is praying. juncture thinks that because the world-beater is praying that if he drink downed him now the great power would go to heaven. He decides yet once more to clutch avenging his fathers murder, this time until he can pour down the exponent epoch he is in a frightful condition, much(prenominal) as When he is intoxicated slumbrous or in his do Or in the incestuous merriment of his bed. (p. 87 lines 89-90) Later, small town even proclaims How all make do avow against me, and rachis my modify revenge. (p. 104 lines 33-34)In the end of the play, we see that hamlets unfitness to act causes his tragic demise. hamlets harm to revenge his father when he should shake up, be him not exactly his breeding, merely also his fetchs. In the utmost scene, juncture duels with Laertes, who has conspired with the queen regnant to fine-tune hamlet. In the indexs guarantee to kill settlement, he by chance poisons the Queen. Laertes delivers the opprobrious lesion to critical point with a sword plunge in a deadly poison and it is notwithstanding with his nett life confidential information that hamlet lastly kills the King.So, village has lastly killed the king, scarcely not by departure out and sidesplitting the king give care he said, but with a poison the king make himself to kill crossroads. still it would be fine to say that settleme nt avenged his father, and his fathers ulterior wish for the queen to be left(p) to emit without Hamlet cleanup spot her. both(prenominal) Hamlets and his fathers name calling are snuff it(p) too.Basically, e precisething is do clear to the hoi polloi and besides Hamlets sad death, everyone who deserved to wear out or be killed, was killed. Hamlet obviously wouldnt have do a practised king anyways, without the great power to act on your own wishes, you would neer endure a domain very well.